Engineering synthetic vaccines using cues from natural immunity
TLDR
A rapidly growing field of research is the design of vaccines based on synthetic materials to target organs, tissues, cells or intracellular compartments; to co-deliver immunomodulatory signals that control the quality of the immune response; or to act directly as immune regulators.Abstract:
Vaccines aim to protect against or treat diseases through manipulation of the immune response, promoting either immunity or tolerance. In the former case, vaccines generate antibodies and T cells poised to protect against future pathogen encounter or attack diseased cells such as tumours; in the latter case, which is far less developed, vaccines block pathogenic autoreactive T cells and autoantibodies that target self tissue. Enormous challenges remain, however, as a consequence of our incomplete understanding of human immunity. A rapidly growing field of research is the design of vaccines based on synthetic materials to target organs, tissues, cells or intracellular compartments; to co-deliver immunomodulatory signals that control the quality of the immune response; or to act directly as immune regulators. There exists great potential for well-defined materials to further our understanding of immunity. Here we describe recent advances in the design of synthetic materials to direct immune responses, highlighting successes and challenges in prophylactic, therapeutic and tolerance-inducing vaccines.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Cancer nanomedicine: progress, challenges and opportunities.
TL;DR: Novel engineering approaches are discussed that capitalize on the growing understanding of tumour biology and nano–bio interactions to develop more effective nanotherapeutics for cancer patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Emerging Frontiers in Drug Delivery
TL;DR: There are highlights of four emerging areas in the field of drug delivery: systemic RNA delivery, drug delivery for localized therapy, oral drug delivery systems, and biologic drugDelivery systems, where the barriers to effective drug delivery as well as chemical and materials advances are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Synthetic Nanoparticles for Vaccines and Immunotherapy
TL;DR: A review of nanoparticle-based strategies to immune modulation in detail, and discuss the promise and outstanding challenges facing the field of immune engineering from a chemical biology/materials engineering perspective can be found in this article.
Journal ArticleDOI
Advances in Biomaterials for Drug Delivery.
TL;DR: Advances in biomaterials for drug delivery are enabling significant progress in biology and medicine, including major breakthroughs in materials for cancer immunotherapy, autoimmune diseases, and genome editing.
Journal ArticleDOI
From sewer to saviour - targeting the lymphatic system to promote drug exposure and activity.
TL;DR: The lymphatic system serves an integral role in fluid homeostasis, lipid metabolism and immune control, and the varying mechanisms of lymphatic entry and transport are summarized, as well as discussing examples ofymphatic delivery that have enhanced therapeutic utility.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Dendritic cells and the control of immunity
TL;DR: Once a neglected cell type, dendritic cells can now be readily obtained in sufficient quantities to allow molecular and cell biological analysis and the realization that these cells are a powerful tool for manipulating the immune system is realized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer.
Suzanne L. Topalian,F. Stephen Hodi,Julie R. Brahmer,Scott N. Gettinger,David Smith,David F. McDermott,John D. Powderly,Richard D. Carvajal,Jeffrey A. Sosman,Michael B. Atkins,Philip D. Leming,David R. Spigel,Scott J. Antonia,Leora Horn,Charles G. Drake,Drew M. Pardoll,Lieping Chen,William H. Sharfman,Robert A. Anders,Janis M. Taube,Tracee L. McMiller,Haiying Xu,Alan J. Korman,Maria Jure-Kunkel,Shruti Agrawal,Dan McDonald,Georgia Kollia,Ashok Kumar Gupta,Jon M. Wigginton,Mario Sznol +29 more
TL;DR: Anti-PD-1 antibody produced objective responses in approximately one in four to one in five patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, melanoma, or renal-cell cancer; the adverse-event profile does not appear to preclude its use.
Journal ArticleDOI
Safety and Activity of Anti–PD-L1 Antibody in Patients with Advanced Cancer
Julie R. Brahmer,Scott S. Tykodi,Scott S. Tykodi,Laura Q.M. Chow,Wen-Jen Hwu,Suzanne L. Topalian,Patrick Hwu,Charles G. Drake,Luis H. Camacho,John S. Kauh,Kunle Odunsi,Henry C. Pitot,Omid Hamid,Shailender Bhatia,Renato G. Martins,Keith D. Eaton,Shuming Chen,Theresa M. Salay,Suresh Alaparthy,Joseph F. Grosso,Alan J. Korman,Susan M. Parker,Shruti Agrawal,Stacie M. Goldberg,Drew M. Pardoll,Ashok Kumar Gupta,Jon M. Wigginton +26 more
TL;DR: Antibody-mediated blockade of PD-L1 induced durable tumor regression and prolonged stabilization of disease in patients with advanced cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer, melanoma, and renal-cell cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cancer immunotherapy comes of age
TL;DR: In the context of advances in the understanding of how tolerance, immunity and immunosuppression regulate antitumour immune responses, these successes suggest that active immunotherapy represents a path to obtain a durable and long-lasting response in cancer patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Silica crystals and aluminum salts activate the NALP3 inflammasome through phagosomal destabilization
Veit Hornung,Franz Bauernfeind,Annett Halle,Eivind O. Samstad,Eivind O. Samstad,Hajime Kono,Kenneth L. Rock,Katherine A. Fitzgerald,Eicke Latz,Eicke Latz +9 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that silica and aluminum salt crystals activated inflammasomes formed by the cytoplasmic receptor NALP3, which senses lysosomal damage as an endogenous 'danger' signal.