Evidence for a role of developmental genes in the origin of obesity and body fat distribution
Stephane Gesta,Matthias Blüher,Yuji Yamamoto,Andrew W. Norris,Janin Berndt,Susan Kralisch,Jeremie Boucher,Choy Lewis,C. Ronald Kahn +8 more
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TLDR
Together, these data suggest that genetically programmed developmental differences in adipocytes and their precursors in different regions of the body play an important role in obesity, body fat distribution, and potential functional differences between internal and subcutaneous adipose tissue.Abstract:
Obesity, especially central obesity, is a hereditable trait associated with a high risk for development of diabetes and metabolic disorders. Combined gene expression analysis of adipocyte- and preadipocyte-containing fractions from intraabdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue of mice revealed coordinated depot-specific differences in expression of multiple genes involved in embryonic development and pattern specification. These differences were intrinsic and persisted during in vitro culture and differentiation. Similar depot-specific differences in expression of developmental genes were observed in human subcutaneous versus visceral adipose tissue. Furthermore, in humans, several genes exhibited changes in expression that correlated closely with body mass index and/or waist/hip ratio. Together, these data suggest that genetically programmed developmental differences in adipocytes and their precursors in different regions of the body play an important role in obesity, body fat distribution, and potential functional differences between internal and subcutaneous adipose tissue.read more
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Beige Adipocytes Are a Distinct Type of Thermogenic Fat Cell in Mouse and Human
Jun Wu,Pontus Boström,Lauren M. Sparks,Li Ye,Jang Hyun Choi,An Hoa Giang,Melin J. Khandekar,Kirsi A. Virtanen,Pirjo Nuutila,Gert Schaart,Kexin Huang,Hua Tu,Wouter D. van Marken Lichtenbelt,Joris Hoeks,Sven Enerbäck,Patrick Schrauwen,Bruce M. Spiegelman +16 more
TL;DR: Beige cells have a gene expression pattern distinct from either white or brown fat and are preferentially sensitive to the polypeptide hormone irisin, providing evidence that previously identified brown fat deposits in adult humans are composed of beige adipocytes.
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Adipocyte differentiation from the inside out.
TL;DR: Interest in adipogenesis has increased markedly over the past few years with emphasis on the intersection between extracellular signals and the transcriptional cascade that regulates adipocyte differentiation.
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Developmental Origin of Fat: Tracking Obesity to Its Source
TL;DR: This Review considers how the developmental origins of fat contribute to its physiological, cellular, and molecular heterogeneity and explores how these factors may play a role in the growing epidemic of obesity.
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Chronic Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) Activation of Epididymally Derived White Adipocyte Cultures Reveals a Population of Thermogenically Competent, UCP1-containing Adipocytes Molecularly Distinct from Classic Brown Adipocytes
Natasa Petrovic,Tomas B. Walden,Irina G. Shabalina,James A. Timmons,Barbara Cannon,Barbara Cannon,Jan Nedergaard +6 more
TL;DR: It is reported here that chronic treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist rosiglitazone promotes not only the expression of PGC-1α and mitochondriogenesis in these cells but also a norepinephrine-augmentable UCP1 gene expression in a significant subset of the cells, providing these cells with a genuine thermogenic capacity.
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Forming functional fat: a growing understanding of adipocyte differentiation
TL;DR: Improving the understanding of these mechanisms may allow us to identify therapeutic targets against metabolic diseases that are rapidly becoming epidemic globally.
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