Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence for interannual variability of the carbon cycle from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Global Air Sampling Network
Thomas J. Conway,Pieter P. Tans,Lee S. Waterman,Kirk Thoning,Duane Kitzis,K. A. Masarie,Ni Zhang +6 more
TLDR
In this article, the distribution and variations of atmospheric CO2 from 1981 to 1992 were determined by measuring CO2 mixing ratios in samples collected weekly at a cooperative global air sampling network.Abstract:
The distribution and variations of atmospheric CO2 from 1981 to 1992 were determined by measuring CO2 mixing ratios in samples collected weekly at a cooperative global air sampling network. The results constitute the most geographically extensive, carefully calibrated, internally consistent CO2 data set available. Analysis of the data reveals that the global CO2 growth rate has declined from a peak of approximately 2.5 ppm/yr in 1987-1988 to approximately 0.6 ppm/yr in 1992. In 1992 we find no increase in atmospheric CO2 from 30 deg to 90 deg N. Variations in fossil fuel CO2 emissions cannot explain this result. The north pole-south pole CO2 difference increased from approximately 3 ppm during 1981-1987 to approximately 4 ppm during 1988-1991. In 1992 the difference was again approximately 3 ppm. A two-dimensional model analysis of the data indicates that the low CO2 growth rate in 1992 is mainly due to an increase in the northern hemisphere CO2 sink from 3.9 Gt C/yr in 1991 to 5.0 Gt C/yr in 1992. The increase in the north pole-south pole CO2 difference appears to result from an increase in the southern hemisphere CO2 sink from approximately 0.5 to approximately 1.5 Gt C/yr.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300
Malte Meinshausen,Malte Meinshausen,Steven J. Smith,Katherine Calvin,John S. Daniel,Mikiko Kainuma,Jean-Francois Lamarque,Ken'ichi Matsumoto,Ken'ichi Matsumoto,Stephen A. Montzka,Sarah C. B. Raper,Keywan Riahi,Allison M. Thomson,Guus J. M. Velders,D.P. van Vuuren,D.P. van Vuuren +15 more
TL;DR: In this article, the greenhouse gas concentrations for the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) and their extensions beyond 2100, the Extended ConcentrationPathways (ECPs), are presented.
Book ChapterDOI
Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles
Philippe Ciais,Christopher L. Sabine,Govindasamy Bala,Laurent Bopp,Victor Brovkin,Josep G. Canadell,Abha Chhabra,Ruth DeFries,James N. Galloway,Martin Heimann,Chris D. Jones,C. Le Quéré,Ranga B. Myneni,S. L. Piao,Peter E. Thornton +14 more
TL;DR: For base year 2010, anthropogenic activities created ~210 (190 to 230) TgN of reactive nitrogen Nr from N2 as discussed by the authors, which is at least 2 times larger than the rate of natural terrestrial creation of ~58 Tg N (50 to 100 Tg nr yr−1) (Table 6.9, Section 1a).
Journal ArticleDOI
Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide
Corinne Le Quéré,Corinne Le Quéré,Michael R. Raupach,Josep G. Canadell,Gregg Marland,Laurent Bopp,Philippe Ciais,Thomas J. Conway,Scott C. Doney,Richard A. Feely,Pru N Foster,Pierre Friedlingstein,Kevin R. Gurney,Richard A. Houghton,Joanna Isobel House,Chris Huntingford,Peter Levy,Mark R. Lomas,Joseph D. Majkut,Nicolas Metzl,Jean Pierre Henry Balbaud Ometto,Glen P. Peters,I. Colin Prentice,James T. Randerson,Steven W. Running,Jorge L. Sarmiento,Ute Schuster,Stephen Sitch,Taro Takahashi,Nicolas Viovy,Guido R. van der Werf,F. Ian Woodward +31 more
TL;DR: In the past 50 years, the fraction of CO2 emissions that remains in the atmosphere each year has likely increased, from about 40% to 45%, and models suggest that this trend was caused by a decrease in the uptake of CO 2 by the carbon sinks in response to climate change and variability as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Soil microorganisms as controllers of atmospheric trace gases (H2, CO, CH4, OCS, N2O, and NO).
TL;DR: It is completely unclear how important microbial diversity is for the control of trace gas flux at the ecosystem level, and different microbial communities may be part of the reason for differences in trace gas metabolism, e.g., effects of nitrogen fertilizers on CH4 uptake by soil; decrease of CH4 production with decreasing temperature.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent patterns and mechanisms of carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems
David S. Schimel,Joanna Isobel House,K. Hibbard,Philippe Bousquet,Philippe Ciais,Philippe Peylin,Bobby H. Braswell,Michael J. Apps,David Baker,Alberte Bondeau,Josep G. Canadell,Galina Churkina,Wolfgang Cramer,A. S. Denning,Christopher B. Field,Pierre Friedlingstein,Christine L. Goodale,Martin Heimann,Richard A. Houghton,Jerry M. Melillo,Berrien Moore,Daniel Murdiyarso,Ian R. Noble,Stephen W. Pacala,Iain Colin Prentice,Michael R. Raupach,Peter Rayner,Robert J. Scholes,Will Steffen,Christian Wirth +29 more
TL;DR: An overview of the current state of knowledge of global and regional patterns of carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems is provided, confirming that the terrestrial biosphere was largely neutral with respect to net carbon exchange during the 1980s, but became a net carbon sink in the 1990s.
References
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Book
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a tracer transport model to simulate the signatures of the major sources and sinks of atmospheric methane in a three-dimensional HO field every 5 days taken from Spivakovsky et al. (1990a, b).
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Observational contrains on the global atmospheric co2 budget.
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Kevin R. Gurney,Rachel M. Law,A. S. Denning,Peter Rayner,David Baker,Philippe Bousquet,Lori Bruhwiler,Yu-Hsin Chen,Philippe Ciais,Song-Miao Fan,Inez Fung,Manuel Gloor,Martin Heimann,Kaz Higuchi,Jasmin John,Takashi Maki,Shamil Maksyutov,Kenneth A. Masarie,Philippe Peylin,Michael J. Prather,Bernard Pak,James T. Randerson,Jorge L. Sarmiento,S. Taguchi,Taro Takahashi,C.-W. Yuen +25 more