Exposure to air pollution as a potential contributor to cognitive function, cognitive decline, brain imaging, and dementia: A systematic review of epidemiologic research.
Melinda C. Power,Melinda C. Power,Sara D. Adar,Jeff D. Yanosky,Jennifer Weuve,Jennifer Weuve +5 more
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TLDR
The epidemiologic evidence, alongside evidence from other lines of research, provides support for a relation of air pollution exposure to dementia.Abstract:
Background Dementia is a devastating condition typically preceded by a long prodromal phase characterized by accumulation of neuropathology and accelerated cognitive decline. A growing number of epidemiologic studies have explored the relation between air pollution exposure and dementia-related outcomes. Methods We undertook a systematic review, including quality assessment, to interpret the collective findings and describe methodological challenges that may limit study validity. Articles, which were identified according to a registered protocol, had to quantify the association of an air pollution exposure with cognitive function, cognitive decline, a dementia-related neuroimaging feature, or dementia. Results We identified 18 eligible published articles. The quality of most studies was adequate to exemplary. Almost all reported an adverse association between at least one pollutant and one dementia-related outcome. However, relatively few studies considered outcomes that provide the strongest evidence for a causal effect, such as within-person cognitive or pathologic changes. Reassuringly, differential selection would likely bias toward a protective association in most studies, making it unlikely to account for observed adverse associations. Likewise, using a formal sensitivity analysis, we found that unmeasured confounding is also unlikely to explain reported adverse associations. Discussion We also identified several common challenges. First, most studies of incident dementia identified cases from health system records. As dementia in the community is underdiagnosed, this could generate either non-differential or differential misclassification bias. Second, almost all studies used recent air pollution exposures as surrogate measures of long-term exposure. Although this approach may be reasonable if the measured and etiologic exposure windows are separated by a few years, its validity is unknown over longer intervals. Third, comparing the magnitude of associations may not clearly pinpoint which, if any, pollutants are the probable causal agents, because the degree of exposure misclassification differs across pollutants. The epidemiologic evidence, alongside evidence from other lines of research, provides support for a relation of air pollution exposure to dementia. Future studies with improved design, analysis and reporting would fill key evidentiary gaps and provide a solid foundation for recommendations and possible interventions.read more
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Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission.
Gill Livingston,Gill Livingston,Jonathan Huntley,Andrew Sommerlad,Andrew Sommerlad,David Ames,Clive Ballard,Sube Banerjee,Carol Brayne,Alistair Burns,Jiska Cohen-Mansfield,Claudia Cooper,Sergi G. Costafreda,Amit Dias,Nick C. Fox,Laura N. Gitlin,Robert Howard,Helen C. Kales,Mika Kivimäki,Eric B. Larson,Adesola Ogunniyi,Vasiliki Orgeta,Karen Ritchie,Kenneth Rockwood,Elizabeth L Sampson,Quincy M. Samus,Lon S. Schneider,Geir Selbæk,Linda Teri,Naaheed Mukadam +29 more
TL;DR: Author(s): Livingston, Gill; Huntley, Jonathan; Sommerlad, Andrew ; Sommer Glad, Andrew; Ames, David; Ballard, Clive; Banerjee, Sube; Brayne, Carol; Burns, Alistair; Cohen-Mansfield, Jiska; Cooper, Claudia; Costafreda, Sergi G; Dias, Amit; Fox, Nick; Gitlin, Laura N; Howard, Robert; Kales, Helen C;
Journal Article
Ultrafine Particles in the Urban Air: To the Respiratory Tract-And beyond? Is the Central Nervous System Yet Another Target for Ultrafine Particles? (Editorial)
Günter Oberdörster,Mark J. Utell +1 more
TL;DR: Results from controlled clinical and animal studies using ultrafine elemental carbon particles permit some preliminary conclusions: The authors should be more cautious about introducing technologies based on the assumption that they result in cleaner air with fewer and less toxic contaminants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exposure to ambient air pollution and the incidence of dementia: A population-based cohort study.
Hong Chen,Jeffrey C. Kwong,Ray Copes,Perry Hystad,Aaron van Donkelaar,Karen Tu,Jeffrey R. Brook,Mark S. Goldberg,Randall V. Martin,Brian J. Murray,Andrew S. Wilton,Alexander Kopp,Richard T. Burnett +12 more
TL;DR: In this large cohort, exposure to air pollution, even at the relative low levels, was associated with higher dementia incidence, and associations were robust to all sensitivity analyses examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
The association between PM2.5 exposure and neurological disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
TL;DR: There is a strong association between PM2.5 exposure and stroke, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, ASD, Parkinson's disease and national governments should exert greater efforts to improve air quality given its health implications.
Journal ArticleDOI
The nexus between air pollution, green infrastructure and human health.
Prashant Kumar,Prashant Kumar,Angela Druckman,John Gallagher,Birgitta Gatersleben,Sarah J. Allison,Theodore S. Eisenman,Uy Hoang,Sarkawt Hama,Arvind Kumar Tiwari,Ashish Sharma,K.V. Abhijith,Deepti Adlakha,Aonghus McNabola,Thomas Astell-Burt,Xiaoqi Feng,Anne C. Skeldon,Simon de Lusignan,Lidia Morawska +18 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that urban vegetation can facilitate broad health benefits, but there is little empirical evidence linking these benefits to air pollution reduction by urban vegetation, and appreciable efforts are needed to establish the underlying policies, design and engineering guidelines governing its deployment.
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TL;DR: Moher et al. as mentioned in this paper introduce PRISMA, an update of the QUOROM guidelines for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which is used in this paper.
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