Expression of the translocator protein of 18 kDa by microglia, macrophages and astrocytes based on immunohistochemical localization in abnormal human brain.
Melissa Cosenza-Nashat,Meng-Liang Zhao,Hyeon-Sook Suh,Janet Morgan,Ryan Natividad,Susan Morgello,Sunhee C. Lee +6 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The first comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of TSPO is provided, useful for informing the usage of positron emission tomography as an imaging modality and have an impact on the potential use of T SPO as an anti‐inflammatory pharmacological target.Abstract:
Aims: Microglia are involved in neurodegeneration, are prime targets for anti-inflammatory therapy and are potential biomarkers of disease progression. For example, positron emission tomography imaging employing radioligands for the mitochondrial translocator protein of 18 kDa (TSPO, formerly known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor) is being scrutinized to detect neuroinflammation in various diseases. TSPO is presumably present in activated microglia, but may be present in other neural cells. Methods: We sought to elucidate the protein expression in normal human central nervous system, several neurological diseases (HIV encephalitis, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and stroke) and simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis by performing immunohistochemistry with two anti-TSPO antibodies. Results: Although the overall parenchymal staining was minimal in normal brain, endothelial and smooth muscle cells, subpial glia, intravascular monocytes and ependymal cells were TSPO-positive. In disease states, elevated TSPO was present in parenchymal microglia, macrophages and some hypertrophic astrocytes, but the distribution of TSPO varied depending on the disease, disease stage and proximity to the lesion or relation to infection. Staining with the two antibodies correlated well in white matter, but one antibody also stained cortical neurones. Quantitative analysis demonstrated a significant increase in TSPO in the white matter of HIV encephalitis compared with brains without encephalitis. TSPO expression was also increased in simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis. Conclusions: This report provides the first comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of TSPO. The results are useful for informing the usage of positron emission tomography as an imaging modality and have an impact on the potential use of TSPO as an anti-inflammatory pharmacological target.read more
Citations
More filters
Proceedings Article
Image Processing
TL;DR: The main focus in MUCKE is on cleaning large scale Web image corpora and on proposing image representations which are closer to the human interpretation of images.
Journal ArticleDOI
Translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) as a therapeutic target for neurological and psychiatric disorders
Rainer Rupprecht,Vassilios Papadopoulos,Gerhard Rammes,Thomas C. Baghai,Jinjiang Fan,Nagaraju Akula,Ghislaine Groyer,David H. Adams,Michael Schumacher +8 more
TL;DR: The translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) is localized primarily in the outer mitochondrial membrane of steroid-synthesizing cells, including those in the central and peripheral nervous system, which is a prerequisite for steroid synthesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Human Brain
TL;DR: It is well worth while to make the attempt to correlate the facts and conclusions of these two disciplines into one coherent body of doctrine, if for no other reason than to direct attention to new problems that call for solution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aspirin: a review of its neurobiological properties and therapeutic potential for mental illness
Michael Berk,Olivia M Dean,Olivia M Dean,Olivia M Dean,Hemmo A. Drexhage,John J McNeil,Steven Moylan,Adrienne O'Neil,Adrienne O'Neil,Christopher G. Davey,Livia Sanna,Michael Maes +11 more
TL;DR: Aspirin, one of the oldest agents in medicine, is a potential new therapy for a range of neuropsychiatric disorders, and may provide proof-of-principle support for the role of inflammation and O&NS in the pathophysiology of this diverse group of disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence for brain glial activation in chronic pain patients
Marco L. Loggia,Marco L. Loggia,Daniel B. Chonde,Oluwaseun Akeju,Grae Arabasz,Ciprian Catana,Robert R. Edwards,Elena Hill,Shirley Hsu,David Izquierdo-Garcia,Ru-Rong Ji,Ru-Rong Ji,Misha M. Riley,Ajay D. Wasan,Ajay D. Wasan,Nicole R. Zürcher,Daniel S. Albrecht,Mark Vangel,Bruce R. Rosen,Bruce R. Rosen,Vitaly Napadow,Vitaly Napadow,Vitaly Napadow,Jacob M. Hooker +23 more
TL;DR: Increased brain levels of the translocator protein (TSPO), a marker of glial activation, are shown in patients with chronic low back pain, suggesting that TSPO expression exerts pain-protective/anti-inflammatory effects in humans, as predicted by animal studies.
References
More filters
Image processing with ImageJ
TL;DR: ImageJ is an open source Java-written program that is used for many imaging applications, including those that that span the gamut from skin analysis to neuroscience, and can read most of the widely used and significant formats used in biomedical images.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microglia: active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain
TL;DR: This review focuses on several key observations that illustrate the multi-faceted activities of microglia in the normal and pathologic brain.
Proceedings Article
Image Processing
TL;DR: The main focus in MUCKE is on cleaning large scale Web image corpora and on proposing image representations which are closer to the human interpretation of images.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuronal ‘On’ and ‘Off’ signals control microglia
TL;DR: Neurons should be envisaged as key immune modulators in the brain and contribute to the inflammatory milieu of the central nervous system.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Human Brain
TL;DR: It is well worth while to make the attempt to correlate the facts and conclusions of these two disciplines into one coherent body of doctrine, if for no other reason than to direct attention to new problems that call for solution.
Related Papers (5)
An 18-kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) polymorphism explains differences in binding affinity of the PET radioligand PBR28
David R. Owen,Astrid Yeo,Roger N. Gunn,Roger N. Gunn,Roger N. Gunn,Kijoung Song,Graham Wadsworth,Andrew J.M. Lewis,Christopher J. Rhodes,David J Pulford,Idriss Bennacef,Christine A. Parker,Christine A. Parker,Pamela Stjean,Lon R. Cardon,Vincent Mooser,Paul M. Matthews,Paul M. Matthews,Eugenii A. Rabiner,Eugenii A. Rabiner,Justin P. Rubio +20 more
Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO): molecular sensor of brain injury and repair.
Ming-Kai Chen,Tomás R. Guilarte +1 more