Aspirin: a review of its neurobiological properties and therapeutic potential for mental illness
Michael Berk,Olivia M Dean,Olivia M Dean,Olivia M Dean,Hemmo A. Drexhage,John J McNeil,Steven Moylan,Adrienne O'Neil,Adrienne O'Neil,Christopher G. Davey,Livia Sanna,Michael Maes +11 more
TLDR
Aspirin, one of the oldest agents in medicine, is a potential new therapy for a range of neuropsychiatric disorders, and may provide proof-of-principle support for the role of inflammation and O&NS in the pathophysiology of this diverse group of disorders.Abstract:
There is compelling evidence to support an aetiological role for inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of major neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). These may represent new pathways for therapy. Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is an irreversible inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2, It stimulates endogenous production of anti-inflammatory regulatory 'braking signals', including lipoxins, which dampen the inflammatory response and reduce levels of inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)--6, but not negative immunoregulatory cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10. Aspirin can reduce oxidative stress and protect against oxidative damage. Early evidence suggests there are beneficial effects of aspirin in preclinical and clinical studies in mood disorders and schizophrenia, and epidemiological data suggests that high-dose aspirin is associated with a reduced risk of AD. Aspirin, one of the oldest agents in medicine, is a potential new therapy for a range of neuropsychiatric disorders, and may provide proof-of-principle support for the role of inflammation and O&NS in the pathophysiology of this diverse group of disorders.read more
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Effect of anti-inflammatory treatment on depression, depressive symptoms, and adverse effects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Ole Köhler,Michael E. Benros,Merete Nordentoft,Michael E. Farkouh,Rupa L Iyengar,Ole Mors,Jesper Krogh +6 more
TL;DR: The analysis suggests that anti-inflammatory treatment, in particular celecoxib, decreases depressive symptoms without increased risks of adverse effects, and supports a proof-of-concept concerning the use of anti- inflammatory treatment in depression.
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What’s in a mechanism? Development of a key concept in realist evaluation
TL;DR: It is argued that disaggregating the concept of mechanism into its constituent parts helps to understand the difference between the resources offered by the intervention and the ways in which this changes the reasoning of participants and underline the importance of conceptualising mechanisms as operating on a continuum, rather than as an ‘on/off’ switch.
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Diurnal cortisol slopes and mental and physical health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Emma K. Adam,Meghan E. Quinn,Meghan E. Quinn,Royette Tavernier,Mollie T. McQuillan,Katie A. Dahlke,Kirsten Gilbert +6 more
TL;DR: It is argued that flatter diurnal cortisol slopes may both reflect and contribute to stress-related dysregulation of central and peripheral circadian mechanisms, with corresponding downstream effects on multiple aspects of biology, behavior, and health.
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Inflamed moods: a review of the interactions between inflammation and mood disorders.
TL;DR: This synthetic review is to review the evidence for an association between inflammation and mood disorders, to discuss potential pathophysiologic mechanisms that may explain this association and to present novel therapeutic options currently being investigated that target the inflammatory-mood pathway.
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Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransport-2 Inhibitors on Blood Pressure in People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 43 Randomized Control Trials With 22 528 Patients.
TL;DR: Treatment with SGLT2 glucose cotransporter inhibitors therefore has beneficial off‐target effects on BP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and may also be of value in improving other cardiometabolic parameters including lipid profile and body weight in addition to their expected effects on glycemic control.
References
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Fate Mapping Analysis Reveals That Adult Microglia Derive from Primitive Macrophages
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Meta-Analysis of Cytokine Alterations in Schizophrenia: Clinical Status and Antipsychotic Effects
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