Journal ArticleDOI
Germline P Granules Are Liquid Droplets That Localize by Controlled Dissolution/Condensation
Clifford P. Brangwynne,Christian R. Eckmann,David S. Courson,Agata Rybarska,Carsten Hoege,Jöbin Gharakhani,Jöbin Gharakhani,Frank Jülicher,Frank Jülicher,Anthony A. Hyman,Anthony A. Hyman +10 more
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TLDR
It is shown that P granules exhibit liquid-like behaviors, including fusion, dripping, and wetting, which is used to estimate their viscosity and surface tension, and reflects a classic phase transition, in which polarity proteins vary the condensation point across the cell.Abstract:
In sexually reproducing organisms, embryos specify germ cells, which ultimately generate sperm and eggs In Caenorhabditis elegans, the first germ cell is established when RNA and protein-rich P granules localize to the posterior of the one-cell embryo Localization of P granules and their physical nature remain poorly understood Here we show that P granules exhibit liquid-like behaviors, including fusion, dripping, and wetting, which we used to estimate their viscosity and surface tension As with other liquids, P granules rapidly dissolved and condensed Localization occurred by a biased increase in P granule condensation at the posterior This process reflects a classic phase transition, in which polarity proteins vary the condensation point across the cell Such phase transitions may represent a fundamental physicochemical mechanism for structuring the cytoplasmread more
Citations
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Towards molecular movies with X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy
Fivos Perakis,Christian Gutt +1 more
TL;DR: This perspective article highlights research opportunities and challenges in probing structural dynamics of molecular systems using X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS) and provides practical tips for designing and estimating feasibility of XPCS experiments as well as on detecting and mitigating radiation damage.
Journal ArticleDOI
3D Chromosomal Landscapes in Hematopoiesis and Immunity.
TL;DR: How the integrity of the 3D genome governs immune cell development and malignant transformation, as well as how underlying (epi-)genetic drivers of 3D chromatin alterations might act as potential novel therapeutic targets for hematological malignancies are summarized.
Book ChapterDOI
Determination of Protein Phase Diagrams by Centrifugation
Nicole M. Milkovic,Tanja Mittag +1 more
TL;DR: Experiments for the determination of full coexistence lines of phase-separating proteins by centrifugation are described, reconstructed from coexisting light and dense phase concentrations of the protein, and they are presented as so-called phase diagrams.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cytoplasmic localization and asymmetric division in the early embryo of Caenorhabditis elegans
TL;DR: During the initial cleavages of the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo, a series of rapid and invariant asymmetric cell divisions pattern the fate, size, and position of four somatic blastomeres and a single germline blastomere.
Journal ArticleDOI
RNA gets in phase.
TL;DR: Saha and Hyman discuss recent work published by Jain and Vale in Nature documenting RNA phase transitions in repeat expansion disorders.
References
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TL;DR: These studies have shown how, for many RNA-binding proteins, multiple modules define the fundamental structural unit that is responsible for biological function.
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The cell as a material.
Karen E. Kasza,Amy C. Rowat,Jiayu Liu,Thomas E. Angelini,Clifford P. Brangwynne,Gijsje H. Koenderink,David A. Weitz +6 more
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Direct visual observation of thermal capillary waves.
TL;DR: It is shown that capillary waves induce the spontaneous breakup of thin liquid films and thus are of key importance in the process of droplet coalescence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pathway to Totipotency: Lessons from Germ Cells
TL;DR: Common themes emerging from the study of germ cells in vertebrates and invertebrates are described, including transcriptional repression, chromatin remodeling, and an emphasis on posttranscriptional gene regulation that preserve the totipotent genome of germ cell through generations.
Journal ArticleDOI
PGL-1, a Predicted RNA-Binding Component of Germ Granules, Is Essential for Fertility in C. elegans
TL;DR: It is shown that a component of germ granules is essential for fertility in C. elegans and that its primary function is in germline proliferation.
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