Journal ArticleDOI
Germline P Granules Are Liquid Droplets That Localize by Controlled Dissolution/Condensation
Clifford P. Brangwynne,Christian R. Eckmann,David S. Courson,Agata Rybarska,Carsten Hoege,Jöbin Gharakhani,Jöbin Gharakhani,Frank Jülicher,Frank Jülicher,Anthony A. Hyman,Anthony A. Hyman +10 more
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TLDR
It is shown that P granules exhibit liquid-like behaviors, including fusion, dripping, and wetting, which is used to estimate their viscosity and surface tension, and reflects a classic phase transition, in which polarity proteins vary the condensation point across the cell.Abstract:
In sexually reproducing organisms, embryos specify germ cells, which ultimately generate sperm and eggs In Caenorhabditis elegans, the first germ cell is established when RNA and protein-rich P granules localize to the posterior of the one-cell embryo Localization of P granules and their physical nature remain poorly understood Here we show that P granules exhibit liquid-like behaviors, including fusion, dripping, and wetting, which we used to estimate their viscosity and surface tension As with other liquids, P granules rapidly dissolved and condensed Localization occurred by a biased increase in P granule condensation at the posterior This process reflects a classic phase transition, in which polarity proteins vary the condensation point across the cell Such phase transitions may represent a fundamental physicochemical mechanism for structuring the cytoplasmread more
Citations
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Liquid–liquid phase separation drives cellular function and dysfunction in cancer
Sohum Mehta,Jin Zhang +1 more
TL;DR: In this article , the formation of biomolecular condensates via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has recently emerged as a widespread mechanism underlying the spatiotemporal coordination of biological activities in cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transcription organizes euchromatin via microphase separation
Lennart Hilbert,Yuko Sato,Ksenia Kuznetsova,Tommaso Bianucci,Hiroshi Kimura,Frank Jülicher,Alf Honigmann,Vasily Zaburdaev,Nadine L. Vastenhouw,Nadine L. Vastenhouw +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the dynamics of euchromatin organization as pluripotent zebrafish cells exit mitosis and begin transcription are analyzed and it is shown that accumulation of RNA induces formation of transcription pockets which displace transcriptionally inactive chromatin.
Journal ArticleDOI
The involvement of stress granules in aging and aging‐associated diseases
TL;DR: The latest progress on the molecular mechanisms underlying SG assembly and SG functioning under stress conditions are reviewed and a detailed discussion of the relevance of SGs to aging and aging‐associated diseases is provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phase Separation of Epstein-Barr Virus EBNA2 and Its Coactivator EBNALP Controls Gene Expression.
Qiu Peng,Lujuan Wang,Zailong Qin,Jia Wang,Xiang Zheng,Lingyu Wei,Xiaoyue Zhang,Xuemei Zhang,Can Liu,Zhengshuo Li,Yangge Wu,Guiyuan Li,Qun Yan,Jian Ma +13 more
TL;DR: A novel anti-EBV strategy where developing appropriate drugs of interfering LLPS can be used to destroy the function of the EBV’s transcription factors is suggested.
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RNA-protein interactions in an unstructured context
TL;DR: It is argued that the universal genetic code reflects the binding specificity between nucleobases and protein side chains and that, in turn, the code may be seen as the Rosetta stone for understanding RNA–protein interactions in general.
References
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TL;DR: Common themes emerging from the study of germ cells in vertebrates and invertebrates are described, including transcriptional repression, chromatin remodeling, and an emphasis on posttranscriptional gene regulation that preserve the totipotent genome of germ cell through generations.
Journal ArticleDOI
PGL-1, a Predicted RNA-Binding Component of Germ Granules, Is Essential for Fertility in C. elegans
TL;DR: It is shown that a component of germ granules is essential for fertility in C. elegans and that its primary function is in germline proliferation.
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