Journal ArticleDOI
Germline P Granules Are Liquid Droplets That Localize by Controlled Dissolution/Condensation
Clifford P. Brangwynne,Christian R. Eckmann,David S. Courson,Agata Rybarska,Carsten Hoege,Jöbin Gharakhani,Jöbin Gharakhani,Frank Jülicher,Frank Jülicher,Anthony A. Hyman,Anthony A. Hyman +10 more
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TLDR
It is shown that P granules exhibit liquid-like behaviors, including fusion, dripping, and wetting, which is used to estimate their viscosity and surface tension, and reflects a classic phase transition, in which polarity proteins vary the condensation point across the cell.Abstract:
In sexually reproducing organisms, embryos specify germ cells, which ultimately generate sperm and eggs In Caenorhabditis elegans, the first germ cell is established when RNA and protein-rich P granules localize to the posterior of the one-cell embryo Localization of P granules and their physical nature remain poorly understood Here we show that P granules exhibit liquid-like behaviors, including fusion, dripping, and wetting, which we used to estimate their viscosity and surface tension As with other liquids, P granules rapidly dissolved and condensed Localization occurred by a biased increase in P granule condensation at the posterior This process reflects a classic phase transition, in which polarity proteins vary the condensation point across the cell Such phase transitions may represent a fundamental physicochemical mechanism for structuring the cytoplasmread more
Citations
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The Dynamics of P Granule Liquid Droplets Are Regulated by the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline RNA Helicase GLH-1 via Its ATP Hydrolysis Cycle
Wenjun Chen,Yabing Hu,Charles F. Lang,Jordan S. Brown,Sierra Schwabach,Xiaoyan Song,Ying Zhang,Edwin Munro,Karen Bennett,Donglei Zhang,Heng-Chi Lee +10 more
TL;DR: Evidence is shown that the VASA-like germline RNA helicase GLH-1 couples distinct steps of its ATPase hydrolysis cycle to control the formation and disassembly of P granules, and defects in recruiting the P granule component PRG-1 to perinuclear foci in the adult germline correlate with the fertility defects observed in various GLh-1 mutants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Surface tensiometry of phase separated protein and polymer droplets by the sessile drop method.
Mahdiye Ijavi,Robert W. Style,Leonidas Emmanouilidis,Anil Kumar,Sandro M. Meier,Alexandre L. Torzynski,Frédéric H.-T. Allain,Yves Barral,Michel O. Steinmetz,Eric R. Dufresne +9 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a classic method for measuring the surface tension of liquid droplets, based on the analysis of the shape of a sessile droplet, can be effectively scaled down to measure the interfacial tension between a macromolecule-rich droplet phase and its co-existing macromolescule-poor continuous phase.
Journal ArticleDOI
Liquid–liquid phase separation: a principal organizer of the cell’s biochemical activity architecture
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight recent studies that advance our understanding of how phase separation impacts the organization of biochemical processes, with a particular focus on the tools used to study the functional impact of phase separation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Protein Phase Separation during Stress Adaptation and Cellular Memory.
TL;DR: Some of the principles of phase separation and the function of membrane-less organelles focusing particularly on their roles during stress response and cellular memory are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cascade kinetics in an enzyme-loaded aqueous two-phase system
Marko Pavlovic,Alexander Plucinski,Alexander Plucinski,Jianrui Zhang,Markus Antonietti,Lukas Zeininger,Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt,Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt +7 more
TL;DR: This study reveals a strong dependency of the enzyme activity on the substrate type and crowding agent interaction on the final kinetics of enzymatic reactions in the ATPS and therefore provides substantial implications en route toward dynamic regulation of reactivity in synthetic protocells.
References
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The cell as a material.
Karen E. Kasza,Amy C. Rowat,Jiayu Liu,Thomas E. Angelini,Clifford P. Brangwynne,Gijsje H. Koenderink,David A. Weitz +6 more
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TL;DR: It is shown that capillary waves induce the spontaneous breakup of thin liquid films and thus are of key importance in the process of droplet coalescence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pathway to Totipotency: Lessons from Germ Cells
TL;DR: Common themes emerging from the study of germ cells in vertebrates and invertebrates are described, including transcriptional repression, chromatin remodeling, and an emphasis on posttranscriptional gene regulation that preserve the totipotent genome of germ cell through generations.
Journal ArticleDOI
PGL-1, a Predicted RNA-Binding Component of Germ Granules, Is Essential for Fertility in C. elegans
TL;DR: It is shown that a component of germ granules is essential for fertility in C. elegans and that its primary function is in germline proliferation.
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