Journal ArticleDOI
Global separation of plant transpiration from groundwater and streamflow
Jaivime Evaristo,Scott Jasechko,Jeffrey J. McDonnell,Jeffrey J. McDonnell,Jeffrey J. McDonnell +4 more
TLDR
The ubiquity of subsurface water compartmentalization found here, and the segregation of storm types relative to hydrological and ecological fluxes, may be used to improve numerical simulations of runoff generation, stream water transit time and evaporation–transpiration partitioning.Abstract:
Soil water is usually assumed to be equally available for all purposes, supplying plant transpiration as well as groundwater and streamflow; however, a study of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes from 47 globally distributed sites shows that in fact the water used by plants tends to be isotopically distinct from the water that feeds streamflow. Soil water is usually assumed to be available for all purposes in equal measure, supplying plant transpiration as well as groundwater and streamflow. Building on prior but limited studies, Jaivime Evaristo et al. have assembled a dataset of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes — drawn from widely distributed sites — and show that ecohydrological separation is the rule. Water used by plants tends to be isotopically distinct from that used for streamflow, suggesting that hydrological separation of precipitation inputs creates distinct pools of water resources. This finding implies that that existing land surface model parameterizations of plant physiological processes and streamflow can be made more realistic through the incorporation of ecohydrological separation. Current land surface models assume that groundwater, streamflow and plant transpiration are all sourced and mediated by the same well mixed water reservoir—the soil. However, recent work in Oregon1 and Mexico2 has shown evidence of ecohydrological separation, whereby different subsurface compartmentalized pools of water supply either plant transpiration fluxes or the combined fluxes of groundwater and streamflow. These findings have not yet been widely tested. Here we use hydrogen and oxygen isotopic data (2H/1H (δ2H) and 18O/16O (δ18O)) from 47 globally distributed sites to show that ecohydrological separation is widespread across different biomes. Precipitation, stream water and groundwater from each site plot approximately along the δ2H/δ18O slope of local precipitation inputs. But soil and plant xylem waters extracted from the 47 sites all plot below the local stream water and groundwater on the meteoric water line, suggesting that plants use soil water that does not itself contribute to groundwater recharge or streamflow. Our results further show that, at 80% of the sites, the precipitation that supplies groundwater recharge and streamflow is different from the water that supplies parts of soil water recharge and plant transpiration. The ubiquity of subsurface water compartmentalization found here, and the segregation of storm types relative to hydrological and ecological fluxes, may be used to improve numerical simulations of runoff generation, stream water transit time and evaporation–transpiration partitioning. Future land surface model parameterizations should be closely examined for how vegetation, groundwater recharge and streamflow are assumed to be coupled.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Illuminating hydrological processes at the soil-vegetation-atmosphere interface with water stable isotopes
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model based on functional units for the DFG research project "From Catchments as Organised Systems to Models based on Functional Units" (FOR 1 ).
Journal ArticleDOI
The global monsoon across time scales: Mechanisms and outstanding issues
Pinxian Wang,Bin Wang,Bin Wang,Hai Cheng,Hai Cheng,John T. Fasullo,Zhengtang Guo,Thorsten Kiefer,Zheng Yu Liu,Zheng Yu Liu +9 more
TL;DR: The second synthesis of the PAGES GM Working Group following the first synthesis “The Global Monsoon across Time Scales: coherent variability of regional monsoons” published in 2014 (Climate of the Past, 10, 2007-2052) as mentioned in this paper addresses driving mechanisms of global monsoon variability and outstanding issues in GM science.
Journal ArticleDOI
Land use change impacts on floods at the catchment scale : challenges and opportunities for future research
Magdalena Rogger,Mauro Agnoletti,Abdallah Alaoui,James C. Bathurst,Gernot Bodner,Marco Borga,Vincent Chaplot,Francesc Gallart,G. Glatzel,Julia Hall,Joseph Holden,Ladislav Holko,Rainer Horn,Andrea Kiss,Silvia Kohnová,Georg Leitinger,Bernd Lennartz,Juraj Parajka,Rui A. P. Perdigão,Stephan Peth,Lenka Plavcová,John Quinton,Matthew R. Robinson,Jose Luis Salinas,Antonio Santoro,Ján Szolgay,Stefania Tron,J.J.H. van den Akker,Alberto Viglione,Günter Blöschl +29 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identified research gaps in understanding flood changes at the catchment scale caused by changes in forest management, agricultural practices, artificial drainage, and terracing, and proposed strategies in addressing these gaps.
Journal ArticleDOI
Partitioning global land evapotranspiration using CMIP5 models constrained by observations
Xu Lian,Shilong Piao,Chris Huntingford,Yue Li,Zhenzhong Zeng,Xuhui Wang,Philippe Ciais,Tim R. McVicar,Shushi Peng,Catherine Ottlé,Hui Yang,Yuting Yang,Yongqiang Zhang,Tao Wang +13 more
TL;DR: In this article, an emergent constraint approach that integrates CMIP5 Earth system models (ESMs) with 33 field T/ET measurements was applied to re-estimate the global T/TE value.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transit times – the link between hydrology and water quality at the catchment scale
Markus Hrachowitz,Paolo Benettin,Boris M. van Breukelen,Ophélie Fovet,Nicholas J K Howden,Laurent Ruiz,Ype van der Velde,Andrew J. Wade +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, a non-technical overview of the importance of hydrology-controlled transport through catchment systems as the link between hydrology and water quality is provided. But the authors do not consider the impact of transit times on the quality of the model.
References
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