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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Hematopoiesis during Ontogenesis, Adult Life, and Aging

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TLDR
In the bone marrow of vertebrates, two types of stem cells coexist, i.e., hemopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
Abstract
In the bone marrow of vertebrates, two types of stem cells coexist—hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Hematopoiesis only occurs when these two stem cell types and their descendants interact. The descendants of HSCs supply the body with all the mature blood cells, while MSCs give rise to stromal cells that form a niche for HSCs and regulate the process of hematopoiesis. The studies of hematopoiesis were initially based on morphological observations, later extended by the use of physiological methods, and were subsequently augmented by massive application of sophisticated molecular techniques. The combination of these methods produced a wealth of new data on the organization and functional features of hematopoiesis in the ontogenesis of mammals and humans. This review summarizes the current views on hematopoiesis in mice and humans, discusses the development of blood elements and hematopoiesis in the embryo, and describes how the hematopoietic system works in the adult organism and how it changes during aging.

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CRLF1 and CLCF1 in Development, Health and Disease

TL;DR: The role of the soluble type I cytokine receptor CRLF1 and the Interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine CLCF1 (cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1) during development in physiological and pathological conditions with particular emphasis on Crisponi/cold-induced sweating syndrome is highlighted.
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Biomarkers of aging

TL;DR: Aging biomarkers are a combination of biological parameters to assess agerelated changes, track the physiological aging process, and predict the transition into a pathological status as discussed by the authors , which can help us answer the following three fundamental questions in aging research: How old are we? Why do we get old? And how can we age slower?
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Bone Marrow Aging and the Leukaemia-Induced Senescence of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Exploring Similarities

TL;DR: It is proposed that mesenchymal stem cells are similarly affected in these different leukaemias, and that the changes that are observed in terms of cellular function, redox balance, genetics and epigenetics, soluble factor repertoire and stemness are equivalent to those occurring during BM aging and cellular senescence.
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The long and winding road: homeostatic and disordered haematopoietic microenvironmental niches: a narrative review

TL;DR: Clinical translation and critical appraisal of the roles of MSC/C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12-abundant-reticular cells and the more recently identified skeletal stem cell subsets in bone marrow haematopoietic niche function under homeostatic conditions and during ageing will form the basis of this research review.
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Application of haematology parameters for health management in fish farms

Hui Jie Chen, +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors provide a summary of the recent advancements in haematology health indicators in fish, and discuss the trends and future challenges for the application of hahematology in fish.
References
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Blood Cells Need Glia, Too: A New Role for the Nervous System in the Bone Marrow Niche

TL;DR: It is reported that nerve-associated nonmyelinating Schwann cells activate TGF-β to maintain dormant HSCs, suggesting that glia are novel players in the bone marrow niche.
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Clonal composition of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells

TL;DR: The data suggest that the human MMSC population does not fit the "stem cell" criteria, however, MMSCs may contain a subpopulation of large clones with a high proliferative potential.
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Bone Marrow Senescence and the Microenvironment of Hematological Malignancies

TL;DR: The role of senescent cells in the aging bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is discussed, how senescence promotes cancer development and how malignant cells induce senescences are focused on.
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Genetic barcoding reveals clonal dominance in iPSC-derived mesenchymal stromal cells

TL;DR: It is indicated that the subclonal diversity of MSCs and iPSCs declines gradually during in vitro culture, whereas derivation of iMSCs may stem from few individual iPSPs, and differentiation regimen needs to be further optimized to achieve homogeneous differentiation of i PSCs towards i MSCs.
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Effect on lifespan of high yield non-myeloablating transplantation of bone marrow from young to old mice

TL;DR: The recipients before transplantation were exposed to a lethal X-ray dose which eliminated the possibility of studying the lifespan extension by this method, and a considerably smaller quantity of donor cells was used, about 1% of the total own BM cells.
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