Showing papers in "Cell Stem Cell in 2011"

TL;DR: Evidence that leads to the proposal that during local injury, MSCs are released from their perivascular location, become activated, and establish a regenerative microenvironment by secreting bioactive molecules and regulating the local immune response is discussed.

TL;DR: It is shown that expression of the miR302/367 cluster rapidly and efficiently reprograms mouse and human somatic cells to an iPSC state without a requirement for exogenous transcription factors, and that miRNA and Hdac-mediated pathways can cooperate in a powerful way to reprogram somatics cells to pluripotency.

TL;DR: It is found that individual mouse and human pluripotent stem cell lines require optimization of these signaling pathways for efficient cardiac differentiation, illustrating a principle that may well apply in other contexts.

TL;DR: The results illustrate the dynamic nature of genomic abnormalities in pluripotent stem cells and the need for frequent genomic monitoring to assure phenotypic stability and clinical safety.

TL;DR: It is reported that a gene signature specific for adult intestinal stem cells (ISCs) predicts disease relapse in CRC patients and that ISC-specific genes identify a stem-like cell population positioned at the bottom of tumor structures reminiscent of crypts.

TL;DR: A historical perspective of the evolution of the neurosphere assay is provided and limitations in the use of sphere-forming assays in the context of neurospheres are highlighted.

TL;DR: A scheme of the neurogenesis cascade in the adult hippocampus is presented that includes a proposed "disposable stem cell" model and accounts for the disappearance of hippocampal neural stem cells, the appearance of new astrocytes, and the age-related decline in the production of new neurons.

TL;DR: It is shown here that it is possible to reprogram mouse and human cells to pluripotency by direct transfection of mature double-stranded microRNAs (miRNAs) and it holds significant potential for biomedical research and regenerative medicine.

TL;DR: 5hmC is an epigenetic modification associated with the pluripotent state, and Tet1 functions to regulate the lineage differentiation potential of ESCs.

TL;DR: The importance of oxygen homeostasis and energy metabolism for maintenance of HSC function and long-term self-renewal is discussed.

TL;DR: Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells that carry the p.G2019S mutation in the Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase-2 (LRRK2) gene and their differentiation into DA neurons found that DA neurons derived from G2019S-iPSCs showed increased expression of key oxidative stress-response genes and α-synuclein protein.

TL;DR: This study has identified a redox-mediated regulatory mechanism of NSC function that may have significant implications for brain injury, disease, and repair.

TL;DR: It is shown that Sox2 marks adult cells in several epithelial tissues where its expression has not previously been characterized, including the stomach, cervix, anus, testes, lens, and multiple glands.

TL;DR: It is reported that the forced expression of select transcription factors is sufficient to convert mouse and human fibroblasts into induced motor neurons (iMNs), which displayed a morphology, gene expression signature, electrophysiology, synaptic functionality, and sensitivity to degenerative stimuli similar to those of embryo-derived motor neurons.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the epigenetic memory may predispose BiPSCs to differentiate more readily into insulin producing cells, and suggest that their skewed differentiation potential may be advantageous for cell replacement therapy.

TL;DR: These findings point to a CD24 cascade in liver T-ICs that may provide an attractive therapeutic target for HCC patients and to a lentiviral-based knockdown approach.

TL;DR: The data suggest that Tet1 loss leading to a partial reduction in 5hmC levels does not affect pluripotency in ESCs and is compatible with embryonic and postnatal development.

TL;DR: To understand the underlying molecular pathology of HGPS, induced pluripotent stem cells were derived from HGPS dermal fibroblasts to propose that MSCs reside in low oxygen niches in vivo and this causes additional depletion of the MSC pool responsible for replacing differentiated cells lost to progerin toxicity.

TL;DR: SETDB1 plays a previously unappreciated yet critical role in inhibiting aberrant gene transcription by suppressing the expression of proximal ERVs in mouse embryonic stem cells.

TL;DR: A role for H3K36me2/3 in cell fate determination is revealed and a link between histone demethylases and vitamin-C-induced reprogramming is established and established.

TL;DR: The EGFR/Ras/MAPK signaling pathway plays central, essential roles in ISC maintenance and the feedback system that mediates intestinal homeostasis.

TL;DR: Nerves cultivate a microenvironment where Shh creates a molecularly and phenotypically distinct population of hair follicle stem cells that incorporate into healing skin wounds where, notably, they can change their lineage into epidermal stem cells.

TL;DR: The mouse tracheobronchial epithelium is exploited as a genetically tractable model of human small airways to show that the low level of Notch signaling at steady state is greatly enhanced during repair and the generation of luminal progenitors, and sustained Notch activation in BCs promotes their luminal differentiation, primarily toward secretory lineages.

TL;DR: Results suggest that stimulation of endogenous cardiogenic progenitor activity is a critical mechanism of cardiac cell therapy, and therapy with c-kit(+) cells but not mesenchymal stem cells improved cardiac function.

TL;DR: Inhibition of the Alk4/7 pathway, if combined with hedgehog pathway inhibition and gemcitabine, provides a therapeutic strategy for targeting cancer stem cells and translates into long-term, progression-free survival.

TL;DR: A population of adult cardiac-resident CFU-Fs (cCFU-F) that occupy a perivascular, adventitial niche and show broad trans-germ layer potency in vitro and in vivo are described.

TL;DR: It is found that, under normoxia, HIF1α signaling was selectively activated in the stem cells of mouse lymphoma and human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and this work demonstrates an essential function of Hif1α-Notch interaction in maintaining CSCs and provides an effective approach to target C SCs for therapy of hematological malignancies.

TL;DR: This work systematically analyzed the transcriptional and epigenetic changes that occur during early factor induction after discrete numbers of divisions to provide evidence for an early, organized, and population-wide epigenetic response to ectopic reprogramming factors.

TL;DR: It is reported here that breast epithelial cells derived from patients harboring deleterious mutations in BRCA1 (BRCA 1(mut /+) give rise to tumors with increased basal differentiation relative to cells from BRCa1+/+ patients.

TL;DR: It is concluded that BMP induces human and mouse pluripotent stem cells primarily to form mesoderm, rather than trophoblast, acting through BRA and CDX2.