Journal ArticleDOI
Heterochromatin, HP1 and methylation at lysine 9 of histone H3 in animals.
Ian G. Cowell,Rebecca Aucott,Shantha K. Mahadevaiah,Paul S. Burgoyne,Neville S. Huskisson,Silvia Bongiorni,Giorgio Prantera,Laura Fanti,Sergio Pimpinelli,Rong Wu,David M. Gilbert,Wei Shi,Reinald Fundele,Harris Morrison,Peter Jeppesen,Prim B. Singh +15 more
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TLDR
Methylated lysine 9 of histone H3 (Me9H3) is a marker of heterochromatin in divergent animal species and is enriched in the inactive mammalian X chromosome in female cells, as well as in the XY body during meiosis in the male, and forms a G-band pattern along the arms of the autosomes.Abstract:
We show that methylated lysine 9 of histone H3 (Me9H3) is a marker of heterochromatin in divergent animal species. It localises to both constitutive and facultative heterochromatin and replicates late in S-phase of the cell cycle. Significantly, Me9H3 is enriched in the inactive mammalian X chromosome (Xi) in female cells, as well as in the XY body during meiosis in the male, and forms a G-band pattern along the arms of the autosomes. Me9H3 is a constituent of imprinted chromosomes that are repressed. The paternal and maternal pronuclei in one-cell mouse embryos show a striking non-equivalence in Me9H3: the paternal pronucleus contains no immunocytologically detectable Me9H3. The levels of Me9H3 on the parental chromosomes only become equivalent after the two-cell stage. Finally, we provide evidence that Me9H3 is neither necessary nor sufficient for localisation of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) to chromosomal DNA.read more
Citations
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Drosophila enhancer of Zeste/ESC complexes have a histone H3 methyltransferase activity that marks chromosomal Polycomb sites.
TL;DR: Histone H3 methylated in vitro by the E(Z)/ESC complex binds specifically to Polycomb protein, which is closely associated with Polycomb binding sites on polytene chromosomes but is also found in centric heterochromatin, chromosome 4, and telomeric sites.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epigenetic reprogramming in mammals
TL;DR: Comparative work demonstrates reprogramming in all mammalian species analysed, but the extent and timing varies, consistent with notable differences between species during preimplantation development.
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Active DNA demethylation: many roads lead to Rome
Susan C. Wu,Yi Zhang +1 more
TL;DR: Insight into how DNA methylation is dynamically regulated will broaden the understanding of epigenetic regulation and have great implications in somatic cell reprogramming and regenerative medicine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reversal of Histone Lysine Trimethylation by the JMJD2 Family of Histone Demethylases
Johnathan R. Whetstine,Amanda C. Nottke,Fei Lan,Maite Huarte,Sarit Smolikov,Zhongzhou Chen,Eric Spooner,En Li,Gongyi Zhang,Monica P. Colaiácovo,Yang Shi +10 more
TL;DR: The finding that this family of demethylases generates different methylated states at the same lysine residue provides a mechanism for fine-tuning histone methylation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamic chromatin modifications characterise the first cell cycle in mouse embryos.
TL;DR: ociation of dimethylation but not trimethylation of H3-K9 with DNA methylation, in the female pronucleus, suggests a mechanistically significant link and begins to provide a chromatin based explanation for paternal-specific active DNA demethylation and maternal specific protection in the mouse.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Translating the Histone Code
Thomas Jenuwein,C. David Allis +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that this epigenetic marking system represents a fundamental regulatory mechanism that has an impact on most, if not all, chromatin-templated processes, with far-reaching consequences for cell fate decisions and both normal and pathological development.
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The language of covalent histone modifications.
Brian D. Strahl,C D Allis +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that distinct histone modifications, on one or more tails, act sequentially or in combination to form a ‘histone code’ that is, read by other proteins to bring about distinct downstream events.
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Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells
TL;DR: The birth of lambs from differentiated fetal and adult cells confirms that differentiation of that cell did not involve the irreversible modification of genetic material required for development to term and reinforces previous speculation that by inducing donor cells to become quiescent it will be possible to obtain normal development from a wide variety of differentiated cells.
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Gene Action in the X -chromosome of the Mouse ( Mus musculus L.)
TL;DR: Ohno and Hauschka1 showed that in female mice one chromosome of mammary carcinoma cells and of normal diploid cells of the ovary, mammary gland and liver was heteropyKnotic and suggested that the so-called sex chromatin was composed of one heteropyknotic X-chromosome.
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Methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 creates a binding site for HP1 proteins.
TL;DR: It is shown that mammalian methyltransferases that selectively methylate histone H3 on lysine 9 (Suv39h HMTases) generate a binding site for HP1 proteins—a family of heterochromatic adaptor molecules implicated in both gene silencing and supra-nucleosomal chromatin structure.