Journal ArticleDOI
How Does Plant Cell Wall Nanoscale Architecture Correlate with Enzymatic Digestibility
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TLDR
It is demonstrated that the small, noncomplexed fungal cellulases deconstruct cell walls using mechanisms that differ considerably from those of the larger, multienzyme complexes (cellulosomes), and high-resolution measurement of the microfibrillar architecture of cell walls suggests that digestion is primarily facilitated by enabling enzyme access to the hydrophobic cellulose face.Abstract:
Greater understanding of the mechanisms contributing to chemical and enzymatic solubilization of plant cell walls is critical for enabling cost-effective industrial conversion of cellulosic biomass to biofuels. Here, we report the use of correlative imaging in real time to assess the impact of pretreatment, as well as the resulting nanometer-scale changes in cell wall structure, upon subsequent digestion by two commercially relevant cellulase systems. We demonstrate that the small, noncomplexed fungal cellulases deconstruct cell walls using mechanisms that differ considerably from those of the larger, multienzyme complexes (cellulosomes). Furthermore, high-resolution measurement of the microfibrillar architecture of cell walls suggests that digestion is primarily facilitated by enabling enzyme access to the hydrophobic cellulose face. The data support the conclusion that ideal pretreatments should maximize lignin removal and minimize polysaccharide modification, thereby retaining the essentially native microfibrillar structure.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Wood-Derived Materials for Green Electronics, Biological Devices, and Energy Applications.
Hongli Zhu,Wei Luo,Peter N. Ciesielski,Zhiqiang Fang,Junyong Zhu,Gunnar Henriksson,Michael E. Himmel,Liangbing Hu +7 more
TL;DR: The goal of this study is to review the fundamental structures and chemistries of wood and wood-derived materials, which are essential for a wide range of existing and new enabling technologies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessing the molecular structure basis for biomass recalcitrance during dilute acid and hydrothermal pretreatments.
Yunqiao Pu,Yunqiao Pu,Fan Hu,Fan Hu,Fang Huang,Fang Huang,Brian H. Davison,Arthur J. Ragauskas,Arthur J. Ragauskas +8 more
TL;DR: This review highlights the recent understanding on molecular structure basis for recalcitrance, with emphasis on structural transformation of major biomass biopolymers related to the reduction of recal citrance during dilute acid and hydrothermal pretreatments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lignin plays a negative role in the biochemical process for producing lignocellulosic biofuels.
TL;DR: Recent advances in understanding lignin structure in the plant cell walls and the negative roles of lignIn in the processes of converting biomass to biofuels are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exploring bacterial lignin degradation.
TL;DR: Recent advances in studying bacterial lignin degradation as an approach to exploring greater diversity in the environment are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Re-constructing our models of cellulose and primary cell wall assembly
TL;DR: Computational results indicate that xyloglucan binds tightest to the hydrophobic surface of cellulose microfibrils, and wall extensibility may be controlled at limited regions (‘biomechanical hotspots’) where cellulose–cellulose contacts are made, potentially mediated by trace amounts of xylogucan.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The path forward for biofuels and biomaterials
Arthur J. Ragauskas,Charlotte K. Williams,Brian H. Davison,George J. P. Britovsek,John Cairney,Charles A. Eckert,William J. Frederick,Jason P. Hallett,David J. Leak,Charles L. Liotta,Jonathan R. Mielenz,Richard J. Murphy,Richard H. Templer,Timothy J. Tschaplinski +13 more
TL;DR: The integration of agroenergy crops and biorefinery manufacturing technologies offers the potential for the development of sustainable biopower and biomaterials that will lead to a new manufacturing paradigm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial cellulose utilization: fundamentals and biotechnology.
TL;DR: A concluding discussion identifies unresolved issues pertaining to microbial cellulose utilization, suggests approaches by which such issues might be resolved, and contrasts a microbially oriented cellulose hydrolysis paradigm to the more conventional enzymatically oriented paradigm in both fundamental and applied contexts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biomass recalcitrance: engineering plants and enzymes for biofuels production.
Michael E. Himmel,Shi You Ding,David K. Johnson,William S. Adney,Mark R. Nimlos,John W. Brady,Thomas D. Foust +6 more
TL;DR: Here, the natural resistance of plant cell walls to microbial and enzymatic deconstruction is considered, collectively known as “biomass recalcitrance,” which is largely responsible for the high cost of lignocellulose conversion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Crystal Structure and Hydrogen-Bonding System in Cellulose Iβ from Synchrotron X-ray and Neutron Fiber Diffraction
TL;DR: In this article, the crystal and molecular structure of cellulose Iβ were determined using synchrotron and neutron diffraction data recorded from oriented fibrous samples prepared by aligning cellulose microcrystals from tunicin.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lignin Biosynthesis and Structure
TL;DR: Lignin is the generic term for a large group of aromatic polymers resulting from the oxidative combinatorial coupling of 4-hydroxyphenylpropanoids, deposited predominantly in the walls of secondarily thickened cells, making them lignin-like polymers.