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Laptop multitasking hinders classroom learning for both users and nearby peers

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TLDR
It is found that participants who multitasked on a laptop during a lecture scored lower on a test compared to those who did not multitask, and participants who were in direct view of a multitasking peer scored lower than those who were not.
Abstract
Laptops are commonplace in university classrooms. In light of cognitive psychology theory on costs associated with multitasking, we examined the effects of in-class laptop use on student learning in a simulated classroom. We found that participants who multitasked on a laptop during a lecture scored lower on a test compared to those who did not multitask, and participants who were in direct view of a multitasking peer scored lower on a test compared to those who were not. The results demonstrate that multitasking on a laptop poses a significant distraction to both users and fellow students and can be detrimental to comprehension of lecture content.

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Causes, effects, and practicalities of everyday multitasking

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the effects of extreme multitasking on other cognitive outcomes are not clear-cut and propose strategies that people can use to minimize multitasking and reduce distractions when they are performing important tasks such as studying or doing homework.
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Mobile Phones in the Classroom: Examining the Effects of Texting, Twitter, and Message Content on Student Learning

TL;DR: The authors examined mobile phone use in the classroom by using an experimental design to study how message content (related or unrelated to class lecture) and message creation (responding to or creating a message) impact student learning.
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TV no longer commands our full attention: Effects of second-screen viewing and task relevance on cognitive load and learning from news

TL;DR: The effects of second-screen viewing on cognitive load, factual recall and comprehension of news, and the effects of relevant and irrelevant second- screen viewing were investigated to find no statistically significant differences.
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A critical review of mobile learning integration in formal educational contexts

TL;DR: A critical review of the literature related to mobile learning is made because there is a need of more extensive research on the interference of technology in the classroom, especially on how multitasking affects the teacher role in-class as a media orchestrator and learning facilitator.
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Chemistry Education Research—From Personal Empiricism to Evidence, Theory, and Informed Practice

TL;DR: The dominant learning theories that have guided CER over the years are introduced and attempts are made to show how they have been integrated into modern research in chemistry education.
References
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Issues while using a laptop countinously

Continuous laptop use can hinder classroom learning for users and peers, leading to lower comprehension scores. Multitasking on laptops poses distractions and impacts lecture content understanding negatively.