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Laptop multitasking hinders classroom learning for both users and nearby peers

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TLDR
It is found that participants who multitasked on a laptop during a lecture scored lower on a test compared to those who did not multitask, and participants who were in direct view of a multitasking peer scored lower than those who were not.
Abstract
Laptops are commonplace in university classrooms. In light of cognitive psychology theory on costs associated with multitasking, we examined the effects of in-class laptop use on student learning in a simulated classroom. We found that participants who multitasked on a laptop during a lecture scored lower on a test compared to those who did not multitask, and participants who were in direct view of a multitasking peer scored lower on a test compared to those who were not. The results demonstrate that multitasking on a laptop poses a significant distraction to both users and fellow students and can be detrimental to comprehension of lecture content.

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Investigating Multitasking with Technology in Academic Settings

Abstract: The presence of multitasking has become more and more prevalent in most if not all aspects of today’s society. This reoccurring display of multitasking is extremely prominent within the classrooms of our nation’s colleges and universities. While supposedly paying attention to lectures and taking efficient notes, students can be seen texting and using social media on their phones, or having a wide variety of possible tabs and windows pulled up on their laptops or tablets. This apparent habit of almost every higher-education level student has raised a multitude of questions in various fields of study over the years. It has also provided professors with yet another obstacle that they must overcome to effectively teach their students. In this study, we explore these issues and develop an extensive conceptual model outlining the factors that may impact multitasking with technology in academic settings.
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Memory Sins in Applied Settings: What Kind of Progress?

TL;DR: Schacter as discussed by the authors proposed that memory errors could be classified into seven basic categories or sins (Schacter, 1999, 2001), comprising three sins of omission (transience, absentmindedness, and blocking) and four sins of commission (misattribution, suggestibility, bias, and persistence).
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Multitasking Costs on Metacognition in a Triple-Task Paradigm

TL;DR: In this paper, a multimodal paradigm was devised in which participants performed a sensorimotor tracking task, a visual discrimination task, and an auditory 2-back working memory task, either separately or concurrently, while also evaluating their task performance every 15 s.
References
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TL;DR: This paper describes and evaluates explanations offered by these theories to account for the effect of extralist cuing, facilitation of recall of list items by nonlist items.
Journal ArticleDOI

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TL;DR: These conclusions challenge widely accepted ideas about attentional resources and probe reaction time methodologies and suggest new ways of thinking about continuous dual-task performance, effects of extraneous stimulation, and automaticity.
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Issues while using a laptop countinously

Continuous laptop use can hinder classroom learning for users and peers, leading to lower comprehension scores. Multitasking on laptops poses distractions and impacts lecture content understanding negatively.