Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by X-ray spectro-holography
Stefan Eisebitt,Jan Lüning,William F. Schlotter,M. Lörgen,Olav Hellwig,Wolfgang Eberhardt,Joachim Stöhr +6 more
TLDR
This work demonstrates a versatile technique for imaging nanostructures, based on the use of resonantly tuned soft X-rays for scattering contrast and the direct Fourier inversion of a holographically formed interference pattern, which is a form of Fourier transform holography and appears scalable to diffraction-limited resolution.Abstract:
Our knowledge of the structure of matter is largely based on X-ray diffraction studies of periodic structures and the successful transformation (inversion) of the diffraction patterns into real-space atomic maps. But the determination of non-periodic nanoscale structures by X-rays is much more difficult. Inversion of the measured diffuse X-ray intensity patterns suffers from the intrinsic loss of phase information, and direct imaging methods are limited in resolution by the available X-ray optics. Here we demonstrate a versatile technique for imaging nanostructures, based on the use of resonantly tuned soft X-rays for scattering contrast and the direct Fourier inversion of a holographically formed interference pattern. Our implementation places the sample behind a lithographically manufactured mask with a micrometre-sized sample aperture and a nanometre-sized hole that defines a reference beam. As an example, we have used the resonant X-ray magnetic circular dichroism effect to image the random magnetic domain structure in a Co/Pt multilayer film with a spatial resolution of 50 nm. Our technique, which is a form of Fourier transform holography, is transferable to a wide variety of specimens, appears scalable to diffraction-limited resolution, and is well suited for ultrafast single-shot imaging with coherent X-ray free-electron laser sources.read more
Citations
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High-Resolution Scanning X-ray Diffraction Microscopy
Pierre Thibault,Martin Dierolf,Andreas Menzel,Oliver Bunk,Christian David,Franz Pfeiffer,Franz Pfeiffer +6 more
TL;DR: A ptychographic imaging method is demonstrated that bridges the gap between CDI and STXM by measuring complete diffraction patterns at each point of a STXM scan.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phase Retrieval with Application to Optical Imaging: A contemporary overview
TL;DR: The goal is to describe the current state of the art in this area, identify challenges, and suggest future directions and areas where signal processing methods can have a large impact on optical imaging and on the world of imaging at large.
Journal ArticleDOI
Soft X-ray microscopy at a spatial resolution better than 15 nm
Weilun Chao,Weilun Chao,Bruce Harteneck,J. Alexander Liddle,Erik H. Anderson,David Attwood,David Attwood +6 more
TL;DR: The achievement of sub-15-nm spatial resolution with a soft X-ray microscope—and a clear path to below 10 nm—using an overlay technique for zone plate fabrication is reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hard-X-Ray Lensless Imaging of Extended Objects
John M. Rodenburg,A C Hurst,A. G. Cullis,B. R. Dobson,Franz Pfeiffer,Oliver Bunk,Christian David,Konstantins Jefimovs,Ian Johnson +8 more
TL;DR: A hard-x-ray microscope that does not use a lens and is not limited to a small field of view or an object of finite size is demonstrated, which has revolutionary implications for x-ray imaging of all classes of specimen.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interface-induced phenomena in magnetism
Frances Hellman,Axel Hoffmann,Yaroslav Tserkovnyak,Geoffrey S. D. Beach,Eric E. Fullerton,Chris Leighton,Allan H. MacDonald,Daniel C. Ralph,Dario Arena,Hermann A. Dürr,Peter Fischer,Julie Grollier,Joseph P. Heremans,Tomas Jungwirth,Tomas Jungwirth,Alexey Kimel,B Bert Koopmans,Ilya Krivorotov,Steven J. May,Amanda K. Petford-Long,James M. Rondinelli,Nitin Samarth,Ivan K. Schuller,Ivan K. Schuller,Andrei Slavin,Mark D. Stiles,Oleg Tchernyshyov,André Thiaville,Barry L. Zink +28 more
TL;DR: This article reviews static and dynamic interfacial effects in magnetism, focusing on interfacially-driven magnetic effects and phenomena associated with spin-orbit coupling and intrinsic symmetry breaking at interfaces, identifying the most exciting new scientific results and pointing to promising future research directions.
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