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Light-Responsive Colloidal Crystals Engineered with DNA.

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TLDR
A novel method for synthesizing and photopatterning colloidal crystals via light-responsive DNA via azobenzene-modified DNA is developed, and the size of the particles can be used to modulate the Tm window over which these structures are light- responsive.
Abstract
A novel method for synthesizing and photopatterning colloidal crystals via light-responsive DNA is developed. These crystals are composed of 10-30 nm gold nanoparticles interconnected with azobenzene-modified DNA strands. The photoisomerization of the azobenzene molecules leads to reversible assembly and disassembly of the base-centered cubic (bcc) and face-centered cubic (fcc) crystalline nanoparticle lattices. In addition, UV light is used as a trigger to selectively remove nanoparticles on centimeter-scale thin films of colloidal crystals, allowing them to be photopatterned into preconceived shapes. The design of the azobenzene-modified linking DNA is critical and involves complementary strands, with azobenzene moieties deliberately staggered between the bases that define the complementary code. This results in a tunable wavelength-dependent melting temperature (Tm ) window (4.5-15 °C) and one suitable for affecting the desired transformations. In addition to the isomeric state of the azobenzene groups, the size of the particles can be used to modulate the Tm window over which these structures are light-responsive.

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Colloidal Self-Assembly Approaches to Smart Nanostructured Materials.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of colloidal self-assembly of smart nanostructured materials is presented, with a specific focus on the structure-property correlation in smart materials and functional devices.
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Advances in Application of Azobenzene as a Trigger in Biomedicine: Molecular Design and Spontaneous Assembly.

TL;DR: Azobenzene is a well-known derivative of stimulus-responsive molecular switches and has shown superior performance as a functional material in biomedical applications as mentioned in this paper, and has been used as a hypoxia-sensitive connector via biological cleavage under appropriate stimulus conditions.
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4D Printing of Polymeric Materials: Techniques, Materials, and Prospects

TL;DR: The challenges and future opportunities in 4D printing are also discussed in this article , where the authors present a review of important 4D-printing technologies in conjunction with the underlying polymer science and engineering.
Journal ArticleDOI

Synthesis, Assembly, Optical Properties, and Sensing Applications of Plasmonic Gap Nanostructures

Abstract: Plasmonic gap nanostructures (PGNs) have been extensively investigated mainly because of their strongly enhanced optical responses, which stem from the high intensity of the localized field in the nanogap. The recently developed methods for the preparation of versatile nanogap structures open new avenues for the exploration of unprecedented optical properties and development of sensing applications relying on the amplification of various optical signals. However, the reproducible and controlled preparation of highly uniform plasmonic nanogaps and the prediction, understanding, and control of their optical properties, especially for nanogaps in the nanometer or sub-nanometer range, remain challenging. This is because subtle changes in the nanogap significantly affect the plasmonic response and are of paramount importance to the desired optical performance and further applications. Here, recent advances in the synthesis, assembly, and fabrication strategies, prediction and control of optical properties, and sensing applications of PGNs are discussed, and perspectives toward addressing these challenging issues and the future research directions are presented.
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Out-of-Equilibrium Colloidal Assembly Driven by Chemical Reaction Networks.

TL;DR: Recent studies are discussed demonstrating that dissipative assembly is not limited to the molecular world but can also be translated to building blocks of colloidal dimensions, and how marrying nonequilibrium self-assembly with the functional properties associated with colloidal building blocks presents a promising route for the development of next-generation materials.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Self-assembly at all scales.

TL;DR: Self-assembling processes are common throughout nature and technology and involve components from the molecular to the planetary scale and many different kinds of interactions.
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A DNA-based Method for Rationally Assembling Nanoparticles Into Macroscopic Materials

TL;DR: A method for assembling colloidal gold nanoparticles rationally and reversibly into macroscopic aggregates by using the specificity of DNA interactions to direct the interactions between particles of different size and composition is described.
Journal ArticleDOI

Directed Self-Assembly of Nanoparticles

TL;DR: The present review critically investigates to what extent self-assembly can be directed, enhanced, or controlled by either changing the energy or entropy landscapes, using templates or applying external fields.
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Exchange-coupled nanocomposite magnets by nanoparticle self-assembly

TL;DR: The fabrication of exchange-coupled nanocomposites using nanoparticle self-assembly with an energy product that exceeds the theoretical limit of 13 MG Oe for non-exchange- coupled isotropic FePt by over 50 per cent is reported.
Journal ArticleDOI

DNA-guided crystallization of colloidal nanoparticles

TL;DR: The formation of three-dimensional crystalline assemblies of gold nanoparticles mediated by interactions between complementary DNA molecules attached to the nanoparticles’ surface is reported, and it is found that the nanoparticle crystals form reversibly during heating and cooling cycles.
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