Journal ArticleDOI
Location Fingerprinting With Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons
Ramsey Faragher,Robert Harle +1 more
TLDR
This work provides a detailed study of BLE fingerprinting using 19 beacons distributed around a ~600 m2 testbed to position a consumer device, and investigates the choice of key parameters in a BLE positioning system, including beacon density, transmit power, and transmit frequency.Abstract:
The complexity of indoor radio propagation has resulted in location-awareness being derived from empirical fingerprinting techniques, where positioning is performed via a previously-constructed radio map, usually of WiFi signals. The recent introduction of the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) radio protocol provides new opportunities for indoor location. It supports portable battery-powered beacons that can be easily distributed at low cost, giving it distinct advantages over WiFi. However, its differing use of the radio band brings new challenges too. In this work, we provide a detailed study of BLE fingerprinting using 19 beacons distributed around a $\sim\! 600\ \mbox{m}^2$ testbed to position a consumer device. We demonstrate the high susceptibility of BLE to fast fading, show how to mitigate this, and quantify the true power cost of continuous BLE scanning. We further investigate the choice of key parameters in a BLE positioning system, including beacon density, transmit power, and transmit frequency. We also provide quantitative comparison with WiFi fingerprinting. Our results show advantages to the use of BLE beacons for positioning. For one-shot (push-to-fix) positioning we achieve $30\ \mbox{m}^2$ ), compared to $100\ \mbox{m}^2$ ) and < 8.5 m for an established WiFi network in the same area.read more
Citations
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Book ChapterDOI
Application of Supervised Learning Approach for Target Localization in Wireless Sensor Network
TL;DR: This paper evaluates the comparison of localization performance of various supervised learning architectures such as Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN), and Feed Forward Neural Network for the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) based indoor localization problem.
Activity choice modeling for pedestrian facilities
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed models of activity and destination choices in pedestrian facilities from WiFi traces, where the authors used a Bayesian approach to merge raw localization data with other data sources in order to take into account the imprecision and describe activity-episode sequences.
Journal ArticleDOI
Maxlifd: Joint Maximum Likelihood Localization Fusing Fingerprints and Mutual Distances
TL;DR: Maxlifd is a generic statistical/probabilistic framework applicable to a wide range of sensors and fingerprints and achieves low localization errors by a novel optimization formulation jointly considering mutual distances and fingerprint signals.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Accuracy Study of Indoor Positioning with Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons
TL;DR: The accuracy study of indoor positioning with BLE beacons, using user equipment (UE), iPhone XS Max, with Beacon Analyzer application, and the average five measurements can reduce the average distance error about 0.86 m.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Reliable Smart Interaction With Physical Thing Attached With BLE Beacon
Pai Chet Ng,James She,Rong Ran +2 more
TL;DR: A novel solution, which exploits the ambient RF fingerprinting to address the sparse-observation issues, is proposed to enhance the interaction reliability of Bluetooth low-energy beacon interaction.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Survey of Wireless Indoor Positioning Techniques and Systems
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
The Horus WLAN location determination system
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Journal ArticleDOI
A Survey of Indoor Inertial Positioning Systems for Pedestrians
TL;DR: It is concluded that PDR techniques alone can offer good short- to medium- term tracking under certain circumstances, but that regular absolute position fixes from partner systems will be needed to ensure long-term operation and to cope with unexpected behaviours.
Enhancements to the RADAR User Location and Tracking System
TL;DR: This paper analyzes shortcomings of the basic system, develops and evaluates solutions to address these shortcomings, and describes several new enhancements, including a novel access point-based environmental profiling scheme, and a Viterbi-like algorithm for continuous user tracking and disambiguation of candidate user locations.
Network Time Protocol Version 4: Protocol and Algorithms Specification
TL;DR: NTP version 4 (NTPv4), which is backwards compatible with NTP version 3 (N TPv3), described in RFC 1305, as well as previous versions of the protocol, are described.
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