Minireview: Lipid Droplets in Lipogenesis and Lipolysis
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TLDR
New data suggest that proteins previously implicated in vesicle trafficking, including Rabs, soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), and motor and cytoskeletal proteins, likely orchestrate the movement and fusion of lipid droplets.Abstract:
Organisms store energy for later use during times of nutrient scarcity. Excess energy is stored as triacylglycerol in lipid droplets during lipogenesis. When energy is required, the stored triacylglycerol is hydrolyzed via activation of lipolytic pathways. The coordination of lipid storage and utilization is regulated by the perilipin family of lipid droplet coat proteins [perilipin, adipophilin/adipocyte differentiation-related protein (ADRP), S3-12, tail-interacting protein of 47 kilodaltons (TIP47), and myocardial lipid droplet protein (MLDP)/oxidative tissues-enriched PAT protein (OXPAT)/lipid storage droplet protein 5 (LSDP5)]. Lipid droplets are dynamic and heterogeneous in size, location, and protein content. The proteins that coat lipid droplets change during lipid droplet biogenesis and are dependent upon multiple factors, including tissue-specific expression and metabolic state (basal vs. lipogenic vs. lipolytic). New data suggest that proteins previously implicated in vesicle trafficking, inclu...read more
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References
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Robert Zimmermann,Juliane G. Strauss,Guenter Haemmerle,Gabriele Schoiswohl,Ruth Birner-Gruenberger,Monika Riederer,Achim Lass,Georg Neuberger,Frank Eisenhaber,Albin Hermetter,Rudolf Zechner +10 more
TL;DR: It is reported that a second enzyme, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), catalyzes the initial step in triglyceride hydrolysis, and it is interesting that ATGL contains a “patatin domain” common to plant acyl-hydrolases.
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Triglyceride accumulation protects against fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity
Laura L. Listenberger,Xianlin Han,Sarah Lewis,Sylvaine Cases,Robert V. Farese,Daniel S. Ory,Jean E. Schaffer +6 more
TL;DR: This work demonstrates in cultured cells that the relative toxicity of two common dietary long chain fatty acids is related to channeling of these lipids to distinct cellular metabolic fates, and supports a model of cellular lipid metabolism in which unsaturated fatty acids serve a protective function against lipotoxicity though promotion of triglyceride accumulation.
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The Mechanisms of Vesicle Budding and Fusion
TL;DR: Genetic and biochemical analyses of the secretory pathway have produced a detailed picture of the molecular mechanisms involved in selective cargo transport between organelles, including Vesicle budding and cargo selection, which depend on a machinery that includes the SNARE proteins.
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Defective lipolysis and altered energy metabolism in mice lacking adipose triglyceride lipase
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