Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular insight into invasive group A streptococcal disease
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TLDR
The virulence factors and newly discovered molecular events that mediate the in vivo changes from non-invasive GAS serotype M1T1 to the invasive phenotype are described and the invasive-disease trigger for non-M1 GAS is reviewed.Abstract:
Streptococcus pyogenes is also known as group A Streptococcus (GAS) and is an important human pathogen that causes considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. The GAS serotype M1T1 clone is the most frequently isolated serotype from life-threatening invasive (at a sterile site) infections, such as streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis. Here, we describe the virulence factors and newly discovered molecular events that mediate the in vivo changes from non-invasive GAS serotype M1T1 to the invasive phenotype, and review the invasive-disease trigger for non-M1 GAS. Understanding the molecular basis and mechanism of initiation for streptococcal invasive disease may expedite the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment and control of severe invasive GAS diseases.read more
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Infection-induced NETosis is a dynamic process involving neutrophil multitasking in vivo
Bryan G. Yipp,Björn Petri,Davide Salina,Craig N. Jenne,Brittney N V Scott,Lori Zbytnuik,Keir Pittman,Muhammad Asaduzzaman,Kaiyu Wu,H. Christopher Meijndert,Stephen E. Malawista,Anne de Boisfleury Chevance,Kunyan Zhang,John Conly,Paul Kubes +14 more
TL;DR: Early in infection NETosis involves neutrophils that do not undergo lysis and retain the ability to multitask, and a requirement for both Toll-like receptor 2 and complement-mediated opsonization tightly regulated NET release.
Journal ArticleDOI
Disease Manifestations and Pathogenic Mechanisms of Group A Streptococcus
Mark J. Walker,Timothy C. Barnett,Jason D. McArthur,Jason N. Cole,Jason N. Cole,Christine M. Gillen,Anna Henningham,Anna Henningham,Kadaba S. Sriprakash,Martina L. Sanderson-Smith,Victor Nizet,Victor Nizet +11 more
TL;DR: Genomic and molecular analyses have now characterized a large number of GAS virulence determinants, many of which exhibit overlap and redundancy in the processes of adhesion and colonization, innate immune resistance, and the capacity to facilitate tissue barrier degradation and spread within the human host.
Journal ArticleDOI
Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Superantigen Exotoxins
Adam R. Spaulding,Wilmara Salgado-Pabón,Petra L. Kohler,Alexander R. Horswill,Donald Y.M. Leung,Patrick M. Schlievert,Patrick M. Schlievert +6 more
TL;DR: The review discusses the major known and possible human disease associations with superantigens, including associations with toxic shock syndromes, atopic dermatitis, pneumonia, infective endocarditis, and autoimmune sequelae to streptococcal illnesses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structure and function of the human skin microbiome
TL;DR: The present understanding of the function of microbe-host interactions on the skin is summarized and some unique features that distinguish skin commensal organisms from pathogenic microbes are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Blocking Neuronal Signaling to Immune Cells Treats Streptococcal Invasive Infection
Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro,Buket Baddal,Rianne Haarsma,Maghnus O'Seaghdha,Nicole J. Yang,Kimbria J. Blake,Makayla Portley,Waldiceu A. Verri,James B. Dale,Michael R. Wessels,Michael R. Wessels,Isaac M. Chiu +11 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that targeting the peripheral nervous system and blocking neuro-immune communication is a promising strategy to treat highly invasive bacterial infections.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: Group A streptococci are model extracellular gram-positive pathogens responsible for pharyngitis, impetigo, rheumatic fever, and acute glomerulonephritis, and an emerging theme is the dichotomy between skin and throat strains in their epidemiology and genetic makeup.
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Journal ArticleDOI
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