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Journal ArticleDOI

Nonlinear magic: multiphoton microscopy in the biosciences

Warren R. Zipfel, +2 more
- 01 Nov 2003 - 
- Vol. 21, Iss: 11, pp 1369-1377
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TLDR
Multiphoton microscopy has found a niche in the world of biological imaging as the best noninvasive means of fluorescence microscopy in tissue explants and living animals and its use is now increasing exponentially.
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) has found a niche in the world of biological imaging as the best noninvasive means of fluorescence microscopy in tissue explants and living animals. Coupled with transgenic mouse models of disease and 'smart' genetically encoded fluorescent indicators, its use is now increasing exponentially. Properly applied, it is capable of measuring calcium transients 500 microm deep in a mouse brain, or quantifying blood flow by imaging shadows of blood cells as they race through capillaries. With the multitude of possibilities afforded by variations of nonlinear optics and localized photochemistry, it is possible to image collagen fibrils directly within tissue through nonlinear scattering, or release caged compounds in sub-femtoliter volumes.

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Citations
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Femtosecond laser-drilled capillary integrated into a microfluidic device

TL;DR: In this article, femtosecond laser micromachining is used to add unmoldable features to the microfluidic devices, such as microcapillaries, with diameters as small as 0.5μm and aspect ratios as high as 800:1.
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Optical Super-Resolution Imaging of Surface Reactions.

TL;DR: An overview of recent advances in super-resolution chemical imaging of surface reactions is provided, including chemical kinetics and reaction dynamics; active-site distributions on single-particle surfaces; and size-, shape-, and facet-dependent catalytic activities of individual nanocatalysts.
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Modification of the optoelectronic properties of membranes via insertion of amphiphilic phenylenevinylene oligoelectrolytes.

TL;DR: Examination of the emission intensity profile in stationary multilamellar vesicles obtained with a polarized excitation source provides insight into the orientation of these chromophores within lipid bilayers and indicates that these molecules are highly ordered, such that the hydrophobic electronically delocalized region positions within the inner membrane with the long molecular axis perpendicular to the bilayer plane.
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In vivo two-photon fluorescent imaging of fluoride with a desilylation-based reactive probe

TL;DR: A two-photon excitable molecular probe for fluoride, developed based on a fluoride-specific desilylation reaction, is demonstrated to be useful for fluorescent imaging of fluoride ions in live zebrafish by one- photon as well as two-Photon microscopy for the first time.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Two-Photon Laser Scanning Fluorescence Microscopy

TL;DR: The fluorescence emission increased quadratically with the excitation intensity so that fluorescence and photo-bleaching were confined to the vicinity of the focal plane as expected for cooperative two-photon excitation.
BookDOI

Handbook of biological confocal microscopy

TL;DR: Methods for Three-Dimensional Imaging and Tutorial on Practical Confocal Microscopy and Use of the Confocal Test Specimen.
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Electromagnetic Diffraction in Optical Systems. II. Structure of the Image Field in an Aplanatic System

TL;DR: In this article, an investigation of the structure of the electromagnetic field near the focus of an aplanatic system which images a point source is made, and the results are illustrated by diagrams and in a tabulated form based on data obtained by extensive calculations on an electronic computor.
Journal ArticleDOI

Water-Soluble Quantum Dots for Multiphoton Fluorescence Imaging in Vivo

TL;DR: This work characterized water-soluble cadmium selenide–zinc sulfide quantum dots for multiphoton imaging in live animals and found no evidence of blinking (fluorescence intermittency) in solution on nanosecond to millisecond time scales.
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