Journal ArticleDOI
On the potential for ocean acidification to be a general cause of ancient reef crises
Wolfgang Kiessling,Carl Simpson +1 more
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In this article, the authors test the recent suggestion that OA leads not only to declining calcification of reef corals and reduced growth rates of reefs but may also have been a trigger of ancient reef crises and mass extinctions in the sea.Abstract:
Anthropogenic rise in the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere leads to global warming and acidification of the oceans. Ocean acidification (OA) is harmful to many organisms but especially to those that build massive skeletons of calcium carbonate, such as reef corals. Here, we test the recent suggestion that OA leads not only to declining calcification of reef corals and reduced growth rates of reefs but may also have been a trigger of ancient reef crises and mass extinctions in the sea. We analyse the fossil record of biogenic reefs and marine organisms to (1) assess the timing and intensity of ancient reef crises, (2) check which reef crises were concurrent with inferred pulses of carbon dioxide concentrations and (3) evaluate the correlation between reef crises and mass extinctions and their selectivity in terms of inferred physiological buffering. We conclude that four of five global metazoan reef crises in the last 500 Myr were probably at least partially governed by OA and rapid global warming. However, only two of the big five mass extinctions show geological evidence of OA.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Projecting Coral Reef Futures Under Global Warming and Ocean Acidification
TL;DR: Emerging evidence for variability in the coral calcification response to acidification, geographical variation in bleaching susceptibility and recovery, responses to past climate change, and potential rates of adaptation to rapid warming supports an alternative scenario in which reef degradation occurs with greater temporal and spatial heterogeneity than current projections suggest.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Geological Record of Ocean Acidification
Bärbel Hönisch,Andy Ridgwell,Daniela N. Schmidt,Ellen Thomas,Ellen Thomas,Samantha J. Gibbs,Appy Sluijs,Richard E. Zeebe,Lee R. Kump,Rowan C. Martindale,Sarah E. Greene,Sarah E. Greene,Wolfgang Kiessling,Justin B. Ries,James C Zachos,Dana L. Royer,Stephen Barker,Thomas M Marchitto,Ryan P. Moyer,Carles Pelejero,Patrizia Ziveri,Patrizia Ziveri,Gavin L. Foster,Branwen Williams +23 more
TL;DR: This paper reviewed events exhibiting evidence for elevated atmospheric CO2, global warming, and ocean acidification over the past ~300 million years of Earth's history, some with contemporaneous extinction or evolutionary turnover among marine calcifiers.
Book ChapterDOI
Impact of ocean warming and ocean acidication on marine invertebrate life history stages: Vulnerabilities and potential for persistence in a changing ocean
TL;DR: To address questions of future vulnerabilities, data on the thermo- and pH/ pco2 tolerance of fertilization and development in marine invertebrates are reviewed in the context of the change in the oceans that are forecast to occur over the next 100-200 years.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sensitivities of extant animal taxa to ocean acidification
TL;DR: Analysis of the sensitivities of five animal groups to a wide range of CO2 concentrations finds a variety of responses within and between taxa, indicating that acidification will drive substantial changes in ocean ecosystems this century.
Journal ArticleDOI
Predicting evolutionary responses to climate change in the sea
TL;DR: Why an evolutionary perspective is crucial to understanding climate change impacts in the sea is emphasised and the various experimental approaches that can be used to estimate evolutionary potential are outlined, focusing on molecular tools, quantitative genetics, and experimental evolution.
References
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Climate change 2007 : the physical science basis : contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a historical overview of climate change science, including changes in atmospheric constituents and radiative forcing, as well as changes in snow, ice, and frozen ground.
Journal ArticleDOI
Coral Reefs Under Rapid Climate Change and Ocean Acidification
Ove Hoegh-Guldberg,Peter J. Mumby,Anthony J. Hooten,Robert S. Steneck,Paul F. Greenfield,Edgardo D. Gomez,C. D. Harvell,Peter F. Sale,Alasdair J. Edwards,Ken Caldeira,Nancy Knowlton,C. M. Eakin,Roberto Iglesias-Prieto,Nyawira A. Muthiga,Roger Bradbury,Alfonse M. Dubi,Marea E. Hatziolos +16 more
TL;DR: As the International Year of the Reef 2008 begins, scaled-up management intervention and decisive action on global emissions are required if the loss of coral-dominated ecosystems is to be avoided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms
James C. Orr,Victoria J. Fabry,Olivier Aumont,Laurent Bopp,Scott C. Doney,Richard A. Feely,Anand Gnanadesikan,Nicolas Gruber,Akio Ishida,Fortunat Joos,Robert M. Key,Keith Lindsay,Ernst Maier-Reimer,Richard J. Matear,Patrick Monfray,Anne Mouchet,Raymond G. Najjar,Gian-Kasper Plattner,Keith B. Rodgers,Christopher L. Sabine,Jorge L. Sarmiento,Reiner Schlitzer,Richard D. Slater,I. Totterdell,Marie-France Weirig,Yasuhiro Yamanaka,Andrew Yool +26 more
TL;DR: 13 models of the ocean–carbon cycle are used to assess calcium carbonate saturation under the IS92a ‘business-as-usual’ scenario for future emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide and indicate that conditions detrimental to high-latitude ecosystems could develop within decades, not centuries as suggested previously.
Journal ArticleDOI
Extraterrestrial Cause for the Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction
TL;DR: A hypothesis is suggested which accounts for the extinctions and the iridium observations, and the chemical composition of the boundary clay, which is thought to come from the stratospheric dust, is markedly different from that of clay mixed with the Cretaceous and Tertiary limestones, which are chemically similar to each other.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oceanography: anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH.
Ken Caldeira,M. Wickett +1 more
TL;DR: It is found that oceanic absorption of CO2 from fossil fuels may result in larger pH changes over the next several centuries than any inferred from the geological record of the past 300 million years.
Related Papers (5)
The Geological Record of Ocean Acidification
Bärbel Hönisch,Andy Ridgwell,Daniela N. Schmidt,Ellen Thomas,Ellen Thomas,Samantha J. Gibbs,Appy Sluijs,Richard E. Zeebe,Lee R. Kump,Rowan C. Martindale,Sarah E. Greene,Sarah E. Greene,Wolfgang Kiessling,Justin B. Ries,James C Zachos,Dana L. Royer,Stephen Barker,Thomas M Marchitto,Ryan P. Moyer,Carles Pelejero,Patrizia Ziveri,Patrizia Ziveri,Gavin L. Foster,Branwen Williams +23 more