Journal ArticleDOI
Optimization of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Using Functional MRI.
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TLDR
In this article, the authors used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine the most effective location for tVNS, and they found that stimulation at the ear canal resulted in the weakest activation of the solitary tract (NTS), the recipient of most afferent vagal projections, and a brainstem nucleus that receives direct input from the NTS.Abstract:
Objective/Hypothesis
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an established therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy, depression, and a number of other disorders. Transcutaneous stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (tVNS) has been considered as a non-invasive alternative. Several functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on the effects of tVNS used different stimulation parameters and locations in the ear, which makes it difficult to determine the optimal tVNS methodology. The present study used fMRI to determine the most effective location for tVNS.
Materials and Methods
Four stimulation locations in the ear were compared: the inner tragus, inferoposterior wall of the ear canal, cymba conchae, and earlobe (sham). Thirty-seven healthy subjects underwent two 6-min tVNS stimulation runs per electrode location (monophasic rectangular 500 μs pulses, 25 Hz). General linear model was performed using SPM; region-of-interest analyses were performed for the brainstem areas.
Results
Stimulation at the ear canal resulted in the weakest activation of the nucleus of solitary tract (NTS), the recipient of most afferent vagal projections, and of the locus coeruleus (LC), a brainstem nucleus that receives direct input from the NTS. Stimulation of the inner tragus and cymba conchae activated these two nuclei as compared to sham. However, ROI analysis showed that only stimulation of the cymba conchae produced a significantly stronger activation in both the NTS and LC than did the sham stimulation.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that tVNS at the cymba conchae properly activates the vagal pathway and results in its strongest activation, and thus may be the optimal location for tVNS therapies applied to the auricle.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
International Consensus Based Review and Recommendations for Minimum Reporting Standards in Research on Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (Version 2020).
Adam D Farmer,Adam Strzelczyk,Alessandra Finisguerra,Alexander V. Gourine,Alireza Gharabaghi,Alkomiet Hasan,Alkomiet Hasan,Andreas M. Burger,Andrés M. Jaramillo,Ann Mertens,Arshad Majid,Bart Verkuil,Bashar W. Badran,Carlos Ventura-Bort,Charly Gaul,Christian Beste,Christopher M. Warren,Daniel Quintana,Daniel Quintana,Dorothea Hämmerer,Dorothea Hämmerer,Elena Freri,Eleni Frangos,Eleonora Tobaldini,Eleonora Tobaldini,Eugenijus Kaniusas,Felix Rosenow,Fioravante Capone,Fivos Panetsos,Gareth L. Ackland,Gaurav Kaithwas,Georgia H. O’Leary,Hannah Genheimer,Heidi I.L. Jacobs,Heidi I.L. Jacobs,Ilse Van Diest,Jean Schoenen,Jessica Redgrave,Ji-Liang Fang,Jim Deuchars,Jozsef Constantin Szeles,Julian F. Thayer,Kaushik More,Kaushik More,Kristl Vonck,Laura Steenbergen,Lauro C. Vianna,Lisa M. McTeague,Mareike Ludwig,Maria G. Veldhuizen,Marijke De Couck,Marina Casazza,Marius Keute,Marom Bikson,Marta Andreatta,Marta Andreatta,Martina D'Agostini,Mathias Weymar,Matthew J. Betts,Matthew J. Betts,Matthias Prigge,Michael Kaess,Michael Kaess,Michael Roden,Michelle Thai,Nathaniel M. Schuster,Nicola Montano,Nicola Montano,Niels Hansen,Nils B. Kroemer,Peijing Rong,Rico Fischer,Robert H Howland,Roberta Sclocco,Roberta Sclocco,Roberta Sellaro,Roberta Sellaro,Ronald G. Garcia,Sebastian Bauer,Sofiya Gancheva,Sofiya Gancheva,Stavros Stavrakis,Stefan Kampusch,Susan A. Deuchars,Sven Wehner,Sylvain Laborde,Taras I. Usichenko,Taras I. Usichenko,Thomas Polak,Tino Zaehle,Uirassu Borges,Vanessa Teckentrup,Vera K. Jandackova,Vitaly Napadow,Vitaly Napadow,Julian Koenig,Julian Koenig +96 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) literature is presented, and a set of minimal reporting items are proposed to guide future tVNS studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
The influence of respiration on brainstem and cardiovagal response to auricular vagus nerve stimulation: A multimodal ultrahigh-field (7T) fMRI study.
Roberta Sclocco,Roberta Sclocco,Ronald G. Garcia,Norman W. Kettner,Kylie Isenburg,Harrison Fisher,Catherine S. Hubbard,Ilknur Ay,Jonathan R. Polimeni,Jill M. Goldstein,Nikos Makris,Nicola Toschi,Riccardo Barbieri,Vitaly Napadow +13 more
TL;DR: 7T fMRI localized brainstem response to taVNS, linked such response with autonomic outflow, and demonstrated that taV NS applied during exhalation enhanced NTS targeting, confirming enhanced eRAVANS response on both central and peripheral neurophysiological levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
The neuromodulatory and hormonal effects of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation as evidenced by salivary alpha amylase, salivary cortisol, pupil diameter, and the P3 event-related potential.
Christopher M. Warren,Klodiana-Daphne Tona,L. Ouwerkerk,van Paridon, , J.,Fenna H. Poletiek,Fenna H. Poletiek,van Steenbergen, , H.,Jos A. Bosch,Sander Nieuwenhuis +8 more
TL;DR: TVNS modulates hormonal indices but not psychophysiological indices of noradrenergic function, as indicated by significant interactions involving treatment and time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Current Directions in the Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation II - An Engineering Perspective.
Eugenijus Kaniusas,Stefan Kampusch,Marc Tittgemeyer,Fivos Panetsos,Raquel Fernandez Gines,Michele Papa,Attila Kiss,Bruno K. Podesser,Antonino M. Cassarà,Emmeric Tanghe,Amine M. Samoudi,Thomas Tarnaud,Wout Joseph,Vaidotas Marozas,Arunas Lukosevicius,Niko Istuk,Sarah Lechner,Wlodzimierz Klonowski,Giedrius Varoneckas,Giedrius Varoneckas,Jozsef Constantin Szeles,Antonio Sarolic +21 more
TL;DR: Two reviews build a reasonable bridge from the rationale of aVNS as a therapeutic tool to current research lines, all of them being highly relevant for the promising aV NS technology to reach the patient.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence of activation of vagal afferents by non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation: An electrophysiological study in healthy volunteers
TL;DR: Cervical nVNS can activate vagal afferent fibres, as evidenced by the recording of far-field vSEPs similar to those seen with iVNS and non-invasive auricular stimulation.
References
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Reversing pathological neural activity using targeted plasticity
Jonathan Riley,Jonathan D. Seale,William A. Vrana,Jai Shetake,Sindhu P. Sudanagunta,Michael S. Borland,Michael P. Kilgard +6 more
TL;DR: Evidence is reported that reversing the brain changes responsible can eliminate the perceptual impairment in an animal model of noise-induced tinnitus and this method for restoring neural activity to normal may be applicable to a variety of neurological disorders.
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Duncan A. Groves,Verity J. Brown +1 more
TL;DR: Although the precise mechanism of action of VNS is still unknown, the search for the mechanism has the potential to lend new insight into the neuropathology of depression, a review of the pre-clinical and clinical literature relating to VNS concludes.
Journal ArticleDOI
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Elmar Peuker,Timm J. Filler +1 more
TL;DR: The aim of this study was to describe the system of the auricular nerve supply on 14 ears of seven cadavers and find a heterogeneous distribution of two cranial branchial nerves and two somatic cervical nerves.
Journal ArticleDOI
Locus Coeruleus Lesions Suppress the Seizure-Attenuating Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation
TL;DR: VNS is now marketed throughout most of the world as a treatment for drug‐resistant epilepsy, but the therapeutic mechanism of action of VNS‐induced seizure suppression has not yet been established and elucidation of this mechanism is an important first step in the developed strategies to improve VNS efficacy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Non-invasive Access to the Vagus Nerve Central Projections via Electrical Stimulation of the External Ear: fMRI Evidence in Humans.
TL;DR: Findings in humans provide evidence in humans that the central projections of the ABVN are consistent with the "classical" central vagal projections and can be accessed non-invasively via the external ear.