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Parkinson's disease and enhanced inflammatory response.

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TLDR
Current research connecting PD and inflammatory response is examined, finding mounting evidence implicates enhanced inflammatory response in the development and progression of PD pathology.
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the first and second most prevalent motor and neurodegenerative disease, respectively. The clinical symptoms of PD result from a loss of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons. However, the molecular cause of DA neuron loss remains elusive. Mounting evidence implicates enhanced inflammatory response in the development and progression of PD pathology. This review examines current research connecting PD and inflammatory response.

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An Inflammation-Centric View of Neurological Disease: Beyond the Neuron.

TL;DR: This review will describe the current state of knowledge concerning the biology of neuroinflammation, emphasizing mast cell-glia and glia- glia interactions, then conclude with a consideration of how a cell's endogenous mechanisms might be leveraged to provide a therapeutic strategy to target neuro inflammation.
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Oxidative stress mitigation by antioxidants - An overview on their chemistry and influences on health status.

TL;DR: The present review paper focuses on the chemistry of oxidative stress mitigation by antioxidants, and the specific mechanism of a series of endogenous and exogenous antioxidants in particular aspects of oxidative Stress, is detailed.
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Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

TL;DR: Higher blood concentrations of 8-OhdG, MDA, nitrite and ferritin are demonstrated, and lowerBlood concentrations of catalase, uric acid, glutathione and total-cholesterol in PD patients are lower, strengthening the clinical evidence that PD is accompanied by increased oxidative stress.
Journal ArticleDOI

Parkin clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria regulates ROS levels and increases survival of human chondrocytes

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Parkin functions to eliminate depolarized/damaged mitochondria in chondrocytes which is necessary for mitochondrial quality control, regulation of ROS levels and chondROcyte survival under pathological conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Neuroprotective Effects of Astaxanthin: Therapeutic Targets and Clinical Perspective

TL;DR: The present review highlights the neuroprotective effects of AST mainly based on its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-apoptotic properties that underlies its pharmacological mechanisms of action to tackle neurodegeneration.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease

TL;DR: This study traces the course of the pathology in incidental and symptomatic Parkinson cases proposing a staging procedure based upon the readily recognizable topographical extent of the lesions.
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Defective LPS Signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr Mice: Mutations in Tlr4 Gene

TL;DR: The mammalian Tlr4 protein has been adapted primarily to subserve the recognition of LPS and presumably transduces the LPS signal across the plasma membrane.
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Chronic Parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis

TL;DR: It is proposed that this chemical selectively damages cells in the substantia nigra in patients who developed marked parkinsonism after using an illicit drug intravenously.
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Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease

TL;DR: This article reviews what is known about the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of PD from epidemiological studies and suggests that major gene mutations cause only a small proportion of all cases.
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