Journal ArticleDOI
Particle identification by laser-induced incandescence in a solid-state laser cavity.
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TLDR
The laser-induced incandescence of a particle of unknown size and composition can be detected simultaneously with the light elastically scattered by the particle, providing information on both thesize and composition of the particle.Abstract:
The laser-induced incandescence of a particle of unknown size and composition can be detected simultaneously with the light elastically scattered by the particle, providing information on both the size and composition of the particle. The technique relies on vaporization of the particle; detection of the incandescence signal at the time of vaporization allows determination of the boiling point of the particle, which can in turn be related to the composition of the particle. The elastically scattered signal provides information about the size of the particle and confirmation that it was vaporized. The technique is demonstrated by directing particles through a Nd:YAG laser cavity with ∼106 W/cm2 of circulating intensity. Elements such as tungsten, silicon, and graphite, as well as common aerosols such as soot, can be detected and identified.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Recommendations for reporting "black carbon" measurements
Andreas Petzold,John A. Ogren,Markus Fiebig,P. Laj,Shao-Meng Li,Urs Baltensperger,Thomas Holzer-Popp,Stefan Kinne,Gelsomina Pappalardo,Nobuo Sugimoto,Christoph Wehrli,Alfred Wiedensohler,Xiaoye Zhang +12 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a recommended terminology to clarify the terms used for black carbon in atmospheric research, with the goal of establishing unambiguous links between terms, targeted material properties and associated measurement techniques.
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Aerosol light absorption and its measurement: A review
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Journal ArticleDOI
The "dual-spot" Aethalometer: an improved measurement of aerosol black carbon with real-time loading compensation
Luka Drinovec,Griša Močnik,Peter Zotter,Peter Zotter,André S. H. Prévôt,C. Ruckstuhl,Esther Coz,Maheswar Rupakheti,Jean Sciare,Thomas Müller,A. Wiedensohler,Anthony D. A. Hansen +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, a real-time loading effect compensation algorithm based on a two parallel spot measurement of optical absorption is proposed for the Aethalometer model AE33, which provides the high-quality data necessary for realtime source apportionment and for determination of the temporal variation of the compensation parameter k.
Journal ArticleDOI
Single‐particle measurements of midlatitude black carbon and light‐scattering aerosols from the boundary layer to the lower stratosphere
Joshua P. Schwarz,Joshua P. Schwarz,Ru-Shan Gao,David W. Fahey,David W. Fahey,David S. Thomson,David S. Thomson,L. A. Watts,L. A. Watts,James C. Wilson,J. M. Reeves,M. Darbeheshti,Darrel Baumgardner,Gregory L. Kok,Serena H. Chung,Serena H. Chung,Michael Schulz,Johannes Hendricks,Axel Lauer,Bernd Kärcher,Jay G. Slowik,Karen H. Rosenlof,Thomas L. Thompson,Andrew O. Langford,Max Loewenstein,Kenneth C. Aikin,Kenneth C. Aikin +26 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a single-particle soot photometer (SP2) was used on a NASA WB-57F high-altitude research aircraft in November 2004 from Houston, Texas.
Journal ArticleDOI
Soot Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer: Development, Validation, and Initial Application
Timothy B. Onasch,A. Trimborn,Edward C. Fortner,J. T. Jayne,Gregory L. Kok,Leah R. Williams,Paul Davidovits,D. R. Worsnop +7 more
TL;DR: The Soot Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (SP-AMS) as discussed by the authors was developed to measure the chemical and physical properties of particles containing refractory black carbon (rBC).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Soot diagnostics based on laser heating
TL;DR: Numerical calculations have investigated the possibility of developing soot diagnostics based on laser heating of the soot particles using the laser-modulated incandescence of the particles and the direct detection of the evaporated C2 molecules.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of laser-modulated particulate incandescence on Raman scattering diagnostics
TL;DR: In this article, the laser-driven particle surface temperature in a propane diffusion flame as a function of laser focal flux was measured by measuring the surface temperature of the propane flame and the absolute incandescence level displays a saturation behavior with increasing laser pulse energy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Laser-induced incandescence: Development and characterization towards a measurement of soot-volume fraction
TL;DR: Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII) occurs when a high-energy pulsed laser is used to heat soot to incandescent temperatures as discussed by the authors, which is a measure of soot-volume fraction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pressure-temperature phase diagram of elemental carbon
TL;DR: The graphite/diamond/vapor/liquid triple point (or points) for graphite (or carbynes)/vapor-liquid remain controversial as mentioned in this paper, and the latest static and shock compression experiments on diamond indicate that it melts to a conducting liquid at about 5000 K at pressures of 15 to 30 GPa, but does not melt at about 6000 K at 125 GPa.
Journal ArticleDOI
A User's Guide to Vacuum Technology
TL;DR: In this paper, a user's guide to vacuum technology is presented, along with a discussion of its application in nuclear technology. But this guide is limited to a single application: nuclear power.
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