Recent advances in the molecular pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation
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TLDR
The ways in which cardiac disease states, extracardiac factors, and abnormal genetic control lead to the arrhythmia are discussed, including the potential therapeutic implications that might arise from an improved mechanistic understanding.Abstract:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an extremely common cardiac rhythm disorder that causes substantial morbidity and contributes to mortality. The mechanisms underlying AF are complex, involving both increased spontaneous ectopic firing of atrial cells and impulse reentry through atrial tissue. Over the past ten years, there has been enormous progress in understanding the underlying molecular pathobiology. This article reviews the basic mechanisms and molecular processes causing AF. We discuss the ways in which cardiac disease states, extracardiac factors, and abnormal genetic control lead to the arrhythmia. We conclude with a discussion of the potential therapeutic implications that might arise from an improved mechanistic understanding.read more
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Hyperthyroidism and the Risk of Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Narrative Review
Mahlika Ahmad,Sanjana Reddy,Zineb Barkhane,Jalal Elmadi,Lakshmi Satish kumar,Lakshmi Sree Pugalenthi +5 more
TL;DR: This article has explored different studies that have concluded that AF and sinus tachycardia are the most common arrhythmias associated with thyrotoxicosis and explored the multi-level pathophysiology and treatment modalities such as anti-thyroid drugs, beta-blockers, and the role of cardioversion and catheter ablation.
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TL;DR: Intentional inhibition of outward IK1 in atrial myocytes from sinus rhythm (SR) or cAF patients and the effect of (Na + )i-dependent regulation of inward-rectifier K + currentsonAPD inhuman atrialmyocytesiscurrentlyunknown are studied.
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Spontaneous Initiation of Atrial Fibrillation by Ectopic Beats Originating in the Pulmonary Veins
Michel Haïssaguerre,Pierre Jaïs,D. C. Shah,Atsushi Takahashi,Mélèze Hocini,G Quiniou,S. Garrigue,A Le Mouroux,P Le Métayer,Jacques Clementy +9 more
TL;DR: The pulmonary veins are an important source of ectopic beats, initiating frequent paroxysms of atrial fibrillation and these foci respond to treatment with radio-frequency ablation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Atrial Fibrillation Begets Atrial Fibrillation A Study in Awake Chronically Instrumented Goats
TL;DR: Artificial maintenance of AF leads to a marked shortening of AERP, a reversion of its physiological rate adaptation, and an increase in rate, inducibility and stability of AF.
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Secular Trends in Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1980 to 2000, and Implications on the Projections for Future Prevalence
Yoko Miyasaka,Marion E. Barnes,Bernard J. Gersh,Stephen S. Cha,Kent R. Bailey,Walter P. Abhayaratna,James B. Seward,Teresa S.M. Tsang +7 more
TL;DR: The age-adjusted incidence of AF increased significantly in Olmsted County during 1980 to 2000 and the projected number of persons with AF for the United States will exceed 10 million by 2050, underscoring the urgent need for primary prevention strategies against AF development.
Journal ArticleDOI
MicroRNA-21 contributes to myocardial disease by stimulating MAP kinase signalling in fibroblasts
Thomas Thum,Carina Gross,Jan Fiedler,Thomas Fischer,Stephan Kissler,Markus Bussen,Paolo Galuppo,Steffen Just,Wolfgang Rottbauer,Stefan Frantz,Mirco Castoldi,Jürgen Soutschek,Victor Koteliansky,Andreas Rosenwald,M. Albert Basson,Jonathan D. Licht,John T. R. Pena,Sara H. Rouhanifard,Martina U. Muckenthaler,Thomas Tuschl,Gail R. Martin,Johann Bauersachs,Stefan Engelhardt,Stefan Engelhardt +23 more
TL;DR: It is shown that microRNA-21 regulates the ERK–MAP kinase signalling pathway in cardiac fibroblasts, which has impacts on global cardiac structure and function and confirms miR-21 as a disease target in heart failure and establishes the therapeutic efficacy of microRNA therapeutic intervention in a cardiovascular disease setting.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dysregulation of microRNAs after myocardial infarction reveals a role of miR-29 in cardiac fibrosis
Eva van Rooij,Lillian B. Sutherland,Jeffrey E. Thatcher,J. Michael DiMaio,R. Haris Naseem,William S. Marshall,Joseph A. Hill,Eric N. Olson +7 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that miR-29 acts as a regulator of cardiac fibrosis and represents a potential therapeutic target for tissue fibrosis in general.