Recent advances in the molecular pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation
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TLDR
The ways in which cardiac disease states, extracardiac factors, and abnormal genetic control lead to the arrhythmia are discussed, including the potential therapeutic implications that might arise from an improved mechanistic understanding.Abstract:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an extremely common cardiac rhythm disorder that causes substantial morbidity and contributes to mortality. The mechanisms underlying AF are complex, involving both increased spontaneous ectopic firing of atrial cells and impulse reentry through atrial tissue. Over the past ten years, there has been enormous progress in understanding the underlying molecular pathobiology. This article reviews the basic mechanisms and molecular processes causing AF. We discuss the ways in which cardiac disease states, extracardiac factors, and abnormal genetic control lead to the arrhythmia. We conclude with a discussion of the potential therapeutic implications that might arise from an improved mechanistic understanding.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cardiac Ion Channel Regulation in Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome: Relevance to Long QT Syndrome and Atrial Fibrillation
TL;DR: Cardiac ion channel/Ca handling proteins remodeling that predispose to arrhythmias are reviewed to have a significant medical and economic impact.
Journal ArticleDOI
Low level tragus nerve stimulation is a non-invasive approach for anti-atrial fibrillation via preventing the loss of connexins
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that LL-TS exertedanti-atrial fibrillatory effect via the downregulation of atrial Cx40 and Cx43, but also observed that RAP after 9 h could reducethelevel ofatrial level and LL- TS could significantly shorten AFduration and prolong AF cycle length.
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German Cardiac Society Working Group on Cellular Electrophysiology state-of-the-art paper: impact of molecular mechanisms on clinical arrhythmia management.
Dierk Thomas,Torsten Christ,Larissa Fabritz,Andreas Goette,Matthias Hammwöhner,Jordi Heijman,Jordi Heijman,Jens Kockskämper,Dominik Linz,Katja E. Odening,Patrick A. Schweizer,Reza Wakili,Niels Voigt +12 more
TL;DR: The significance of cellular electrophysiological findings for clinical arrhythmia management constitutes the main focus of this document and the establishment and support of cellular and translational Electrophysiology programs in clinical rhythmology departments is called for to improve basic-science-guided patient management.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anti-arrhythmic strategies for atrial fibrillation: The role of computational modeling in discovery, development, and optimization.
Eleonora Grandi,Mary M. Maleckar +1 more
TL;DR: Several examples are offered of how computational modeling can provide a quantitative framework for integrating multiscale data to gain insight intoMultiscale mechanisms of AF and identify and test pharmacological and electrical therapy and interventions and support clinical decisions.
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Atrial-Selective Potassium Channel Blockers.
Niels Voigt,Dobromir Dobrev +1 more
TL;DR: The molecular and electrophysiologic characteristics of atrial-selective K(+) channels and their potential pathophysiologic role in AF are reviewed and currently available K(+) channel blockers are summarized focusing on the most important compounds.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Spontaneous Initiation of Atrial Fibrillation by Ectopic Beats Originating in the Pulmonary Veins
Michel Haïssaguerre,Pierre Jaïs,D. C. Shah,Atsushi Takahashi,Mélèze Hocini,G Quiniou,S. Garrigue,A Le Mouroux,P Le Métayer,Jacques Clementy +9 more
TL;DR: The pulmonary veins are an important source of ectopic beats, initiating frequent paroxysms of atrial fibrillation and these foci respond to treatment with radio-frequency ablation.
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Atrial Fibrillation Begets Atrial Fibrillation A Study in Awake Chronically Instrumented Goats
TL;DR: Artificial maintenance of AF leads to a marked shortening of AERP, a reversion of its physiological rate adaptation, and an increase in rate, inducibility and stability of AF.
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Secular Trends in Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1980 to 2000, and Implications on the Projections for Future Prevalence
Yoko Miyasaka,Marion E. Barnes,Bernard J. Gersh,Stephen S. Cha,Kent R. Bailey,Walter P. Abhayaratna,James B. Seward,Teresa S.M. Tsang +7 more
TL;DR: The age-adjusted incidence of AF increased significantly in Olmsted County during 1980 to 2000 and the projected number of persons with AF for the United States will exceed 10 million by 2050, underscoring the urgent need for primary prevention strategies against AF development.
Journal ArticleDOI
MicroRNA-21 contributes to myocardial disease by stimulating MAP kinase signalling in fibroblasts
Thomas Thum,Carina Gross,Jan Fiedler,Thomas Fischer,Stephan Kissler,Markus Bussen,Paolo Galuppo,Steffen Just,Wolfgang Rottbauer,Stefan Frantz,Mirco Castoldi,Jürgen Soutschek,Victor Koteliansky,Andreas Rosenwald,M. Albert Basson,Jonathan D. Licht,John T. R. Pena,Sara H. Rouhanifard,Martina U. Muckenthaler,Thomas Tuschl,Gail R. Martin,Johann Bauersachs,Stefan Engelhardt,Stefan Engelhardt +23 more
TL;DR: It is shown that microRNA-21 regulates the ERK–MAP kinase signalling pathway in cardiac fibroblasts, which has impacts on global cardiac structure and function and confirms miR-21 as a disease target in heart failure and establishes the therapeutic efficacy of microRNA therapeutic intervention in a cardiovascular disease setting.
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Dysregulation of microRNAs after myocardial infarction reveals a role of miR-29 in cardiac fibrosis
Eva van Rooij,Lillian B. Sutherland,Jeffrey E. Thatcher,J. Michael DiMaio,R. Haris Naseem,William S. Marshall,Joseph A. Hill,Eric N. Olson +7 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that miR-29 acts as a regulator of cardiac fibrosis and represents a potential therapeutic target for tissue fibrosis in general.