Recent advances in the molecular pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation
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TLDR
The ways in which cardiac disease states, extracardiac factors, and abnormal genetic control lead to the arrhythmia are discussed, including the potential therapeutic implications that might arise from an improved mechanistic understanding.Abstract:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an extremely common cardiac rhythm disorder that causes substantial morbidity and contributes to mortality. The mechanisms underlying AF are complex, involving both increased spontaneous ectopic firing of atrial cells and impulse reentry through atrial tissue. Over the past ten years, there has been enormous progress in understanding the underlying molecular pathobiology. This article reviews the basic mechanisms and molecular processes causing AF. We discuss the ways in which cardiac disease states, extracardiac factors, and abnormal genetic control lead to the arrhythmia. We conclude with a discussion of the potential therapeutic implications that might arise from an improved mechanistic understanding.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Atrial Cardiomyopathy with Impaired Functional Reserve in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation.
Dong-Hyuk Cho,Yun Gi Kim,Ji Choi,Hee Dong Kim,Mina Kim,Jaemin Shim,Jong Il Choi,Younghoon Kim,Wan Joo Shim,Seong Mi Park +9 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors evaluated left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) function reserve during exercise in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF).
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Construction of atrial fibrillation‐related circRNA/lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulatory network and analysis of potential biomarkers
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined the expression of differential messenger RNAs (mRNAs), circular RNAs, and long-stranded noncoding RNAs from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to initially construct a circRNA/lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA ceRNA regulatory network to explore the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation and to screen for potential biomarkers.
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Katheterablation des Vorhofflimmerns
TL;DR: Catheter ablation of AF is an effective tool to treat symptomatic paroxysmal AF and in patients with persistent AF and/or cardiac disease, however, ablation tends to be more challenging with substrate modification strategies playing a major role in many cases.
A Non-Surgeon's Guide to Surgical Management of Atrial
Peter Y Cai,Roselle Derequito,Monica Mishra,Spandana Tenkabail,Aakash Bodhit,Sarah Ganji,Pradeepan Saravanapavan,Sheema Khan,Fawzi Abukhalil,Michael F,Thomas M. Beaver,Vishnumurthy Shushrutha Hedna,Hong-Shuo Sun +12 more
TL;DR: There are modified Maze procedures, catheter-based or minimally invasive surgical approaches to isolate the triggers and foci in the left atrium responsible for AF, and a recently proposed radial approach can also be employed in substitution of the traditional geographical maze surgery.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cardiac Macrophages and Their Effects on Arrhythmogenesis
Ruibing Xia,Philipp Tomsits,Simone Loy,Zhiyong Zhang,Valerie Pauly,Dominik Schüttler,Sebastian Clauss +6 more
TL;DR: The pros and cons of mice and pigs to investigate the role of cardiac macrophages in arrhythmogenesis from a translational perspective and similarities and differences between human, murine and porcine cardiac Macrophages are elucidated.
References
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Spontaneous Initiation of Atrial Fibrillation by Ectopic Beats Originating in the Pulmonary Veins
Michel Haïssaguerre,Pierre Jaïs,D. C. Shah,Atsushi Takahashi,Mélèze Hocini,G Quiniou,S. Garrigue,A Le Mouroux,P Le Métayer,Jacques Clementy +9 more
TL;DR: The pulmonary veins are an important source of ectopic beats, initiating frequent paroxysms of atrial fibrillation and these foci respond to treatment with radio-frequency ablation.
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Atrial Fibrillation Begets Atrial Fibrillation A Study in Awake Chronically Instrumented Goats
TL;DR: Artificial maintenance of AF leads to a marked shortening of AERP, a reversion of its physiological rate adaptation, and an increase in rate, inducibility and stability of AF.
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Secular Trends in Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1980 to 2000, and Implications on the Projections for Future Prevalence
Yoko Miyasaka,Marion E. Barnes,Bernard J. Gersh,Stephen S. Cha,Kent R. Bailey,Walter P. Abhayaratna,James B. Seward,Teresa S.M. Tsang +7 more
TL;DR: The age-adjusted incidence of AF increased significantly in Olmsted County during 1980 to 2000 and the projected number of persons with AF for the United States will exceed 10 million by 2050, underscoring the urgent need for primary prevention strategies against AF development.
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MicroRNA-21 contributes to myocardial disease by stimulating MAP kinase signalling in fibroblasts
Thomas Thum,Carina Gross,Jan Fiedler,Thomas Fischer,Stephan Kissler,Markus Bussen,Paolo Galuppo,Steffen Just,Wolfgang Rottbauer,Stefan Frantz,Mirco Castoldi,Jürgen Soutschek,Victor Koteliansky,Andreas Rosenwald,M. Albert Basson,Jonathan D. Licht,John T. R. Pena,Sara H. Rouhanifard,Martina U. Muckenthaler,Thomas Tuschl,Gail R. Martin,Johann Bauersachs,Stefan Engelhardt,Stefan Engelhardt +23 more
TL;DR: It is shown that microRNA-21 regulates the ERK–MAP kinase signalling pathway in cardiac fibroblasts, which has impacts on global cardiac structure and function and confirms miR-21 as a disease target in heart failure and establishes the therapeutic efficacy of microRNA therapeutic intervention in a cardiovascular disease setting.
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Dysregulation of microRNAs after myocardial infarction reveals a role of miR-29 in cardiac fibrosis
Eva van Rooij,Lillian B. Sutherland,Jeffrey E. Thatcher,J. Michael DiMaio,R. Haris Naseem,William S. Marshall,Joseph A. Hill,Eric N. Olson +7 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that miR-29 acts as a regulator of cardiac fibrosis and represents a potential therapeutic target for tissue fibrosis in general.