Recent advances in the molecular pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation
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TLDR
The ways in which cardiac disease states, extracardiac factors, and abnormal genetic control lead to the arrhythmia are discussed, including the potential therapeutic implications that might arise from an improved mechanistic understanding.Abstract:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an extremely common cardiac rhythm disorder that causes substantial morbidity and contributes to mortality. The mechanisms underlying AF are complex, involving both increased spontaneous ectopic firing of atrial cells and impulse reentry through atrial tissue. Over the past ten years, there has been enormous progress in understanding the underlying molecular pathobiology. This article reviews the basic mechanisms and molecular processes causing AF. We discuss the ways in which cardiac disease states, extracardiac factors, and abnormal genetic control lead to the arrhythmia. We conclude with a discussion of the potential therapeutic implications that might arise from an improved mechanistic understanding.read more
Citations
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Assessment of Left Atrial Fibrosis by Late Gadolinium Enhancement Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Methodology and Clinical Implications
TL;DR: Current methodology of atrial fibrosis imaging using LGE-MRI is provided and actual clinical implications and future directions for this imaging approach are delineated.
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Atrial selectivity of antiarrhythmic drugs
TL;DR: Atrial‐selective antiarrhythmic agents have a lot of potential, but a long way to go.
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Atrial fibrillation ablation: translating basic mechanistic insights to the patient.
TL;DR: The role of basic research in the development of presently used AF-ablation procedures is reviewed and future contributions in improving outcomes are looked toward.
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Targeting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Atrial Fibrillation: Role of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibition with Statins
TL;DR: Evidence indicates that statins prevent AF-induced electrical remodeling in animal models of atrial tachypacing and may reduce the new onset of AF after cardiac surgery.
Progress toward the prevention and treatment of atrial fibrillation: A summary of the Heart Rhythm Society Research Forum on the Treatment and Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation, Washington, DC, December 9-10, 2013.
David R. Van Wagoner,Jonathan P. Piccini,Christine M. Albert,Mark E. Anderson,Emelia J. Benjamin,Bianca J. J. M. Brundel,Robert M. Califf,Hugh Calkins,Peng Sheng Chen,Nipavan Chiamvimonvat,Dawood Darbar,Lee L. Eckhardt,Patrick T. Ellinor,Derek V. Exner,Richard I. Fogel,Anne M. Gillis,Jeff S. Healey,Stefan H. Hohnloser,Hooman Kamel,David A. Lathrop,Gregory Y.H. Lip,Gregory Y.H. Lip,Reena Mehra,Sanjiv M. Narayan,Jeffrey E. Olgin,Douglas L. Packer,Nicholas S. Peters,Dan M. Roden,Heather M. Ross,Robert S. Sheldon,Xander H.T. Wehrens +30 more
TL;DR: The Heart Rhythm Society convened a research symposium on December 9-10, 2013, in Washington, DC, that focused on the prevention of atrial fibrillation (AF) as well as AF-related stroke and morbidity as discussed by the authors.
References
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Spontaneous Initiation of Atrial Fibrillation by Ectopic Beats Originating in the Pulmonary Veins
Michel Haïssaguerre,Pierre Jaïs,D. C. Shah,Atsushi Takahashi,Mélèze Hocini,G Quiniou,S. Garrigue,A Le Mouroux,P Le Métayer,Jacques Clementy +9 more
TL;DR: The pulmonary veins are an important source of ectopic beats, initiating frequent paroxysms of atrial fibrillation and these foci respond to treatment with radio-frequency ablation.
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Atrial Fibrillation Begets Atrial Fibrillation A Study in Awake Chronically Instrumented Goats
TL;DR: Artificial maintenance of AF leads to a marked shortening of AERP, a reversion of its physiological rate adaptation, and an increase in rate, inducibility and stability of AF.
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Secular Trends in Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1980 to 2000, and Implications on the Projections for Future Prevalence
Yoko Miyasaka,Marion E. Barnes,Bernard J. Gersh,Stephen S. Cha,Kent R. Bailey,Walter P. Abhayaratna,James B. Seward,Teresa S.M. Tsang +7 more
TL;DR: The age-adjusted incidence of AF increased significantly in Olmsted County during 1980 to 2000 and the projected number of persons with AF for the United States will exceed 10 million by 2050, underscoring the urgent need for primary prevention strategies against AF development.
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MicroRNA-21 contributes to myocardial disease by stimulating MAP kinase signalling in fibroblasts
Thomas Thum,Carina Gross,Jan Fiedler,Thomas Fischer,Stephan Kissler,Markus Bussen,Paolo Galuppo,Steffen Just,Wolfgang Rottbauer,Stefan Frantz,Mirco Castoldi,Jürgen Soutschek,Victor Koteliansky,Andreas Rosenwald,M. Albert Basson,Jonathan D. Licht,John T. R. Pena,Sara H. Rouhanifard,Martina U. Muckenthaler,Thomas Tuschl,Gail R. Martin,Johann Bauersachs,Stefan Engelhardt,Stefan Engelhardt +23 more
TL;DR: It is shown that microRNA-21 regulates the ERK–MAP kinase signalling pathway in cardiac fibroblasts, which has impacts on global cardiac structure and function and confirms miR-21 as a disease target in heart failure and establishes the therapeutic efficacy of microRNA therapeutic intervention in a cardiovascular disease setting.
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Dysregulation of microRNAs after myocardial infarction reveals a role of miR-29 in cardiac fibrosis
Eva van Rooij,Lillian B. Sutherland,Jeffrey E. Thatcher,J. Michael DiMaio,R. Haris Naseem,William S. Marshall,Joseph A. Hill,Eric N. Olson +7 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that miR-29 acts as a regulator of cardiac fibrosis and represents a potential therapeutic target for tissue fibrosis in general.