Journal ArticleDOI
Recent and Planned Developments of the Program OxCal
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TLDR
The recent additions to the statistical methods of OxCal are primarily aimed at providing more robust models, in particular through model averaging for deposition models and through different multiphase models.Abstract:
OxCal is a widely used software package for the calibration of radiocarbon dates and the statistical analysis of 14 C and other chronological information. The program aims to make statistical methods easily available to researchers and students working in a range of different disciplines. This paper will look at the recent and planned developments of the package. The recent additions to the statistical methods are primarily aimed at providing more robust models, in particular through model averaging for deposition models and through different multiphase models. The paper will look at how these new models have been implemented and explore the implications for researchers who might benefit from their use. In addition, a new approach to the evaluation of marine reservoir offsets will be presented. As the quantity and complexity of chronological data increase, it is also important to have efficient methods for the visualization of such extensive data sets and methods for the presentation of spatial and geographical data embedded within planned future versions of OxCal will also be discussed. DOI: 10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16215read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Methods for Summarizing Radiocarbon Datasets
TL;DR: Three different approaches are compared: “Sum” distributions, postulated undated events, and kernel density approaches and their suitability for visualizing the results from chronological and geographic analyses considered for cases with and without useful prior information.
Journal ArticleDOI
The genetic history of Ice Age Europe
Qiaomei Fu,Cosimo Posth,Cosimo Posth,Mateja Hajdinjak,Martin Petr,Swapan Mallick,Swapan Mallick,Swapan Mallick,Daniel Fernandes,Daniel Fernandes,Anja Furtwängler,Wolfgang Haak,Wolfgang Haak,Matthias Meyer,Alissa Mittnik,Alissa Mittnik,Birgit Nickel,Alexander Peltzer,Nadin Rohland,Viviane Slon,Sahra Talamo,Iosif Lazaridis,Mark Lipson,Iain Mathieson,Stephan Schiffels,Pontus Skoglund,Anatoly P. Derevianko,Anatoly P. Derevianko,Nikolai I. Drozdov,V. S. Slavinsky,A. A. Tsybankov,Renata Grifoni Cremonesi,Francesco Mallegni,Bernard Gély,E. Vacca,Manuel R. González Morales,Lawrence Guy Straus,Lawrence Guy Straus,Christine Neugebauer-Maresch,Maria Teschler-Nicola,Maria Teschler-Nicola,Silviu Constantin,Oana Teodora Moldovan,Stefano Benazzi,Marco Peresani,Donato Coppola,Martina Lari,Stefano Ricci,Annamaria Ronchitelli,Frédérique Valentin,Corinne Thevenet,Kurt Wehrberger,Dan Grigorescu,Hélène Rougier,Isabelle Crevecoeur,Damien Flas,Patrick Semal,Marcello A. Mannino,Christophe Cupillard,Hervé Bocherens,Nicholas J. Conard,Katerina Harvati,Vyacheslav Moiseyev,Dorothée G. Drucker,Jiří Svoboda,Jiří Svoboda,Michael P. Richards,David Caramelli,Ron Pinhasi,Janet Kelso,Nick Patterson,Johannes Krause,Johannes Krause,Svante Pääbo,David Reich,David Reich,David Reich +76 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyse genome-wide data from 51 Eurasians from ~45,000-7,000 years ago and find that the proportion of Neanderthal DNA decreased from 3-6% to around 2%, consistent with natural selection against Neanderthal variants in modern humans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human occupation of northern Australia by 65,000 years ago
Chris Clarkson,Zenobia Jacobs,Zenobia Jacobs,Ben Marwick,Ben Marwick,Richard Fullagar,Lynley A. Wallis,Mike Smith,Richard G. Roberts,Richard G. Roberts,Elspeth Hayes,Kelsey M. Lowe,Xavier Carah,S. Anna Florin,Jessica McNeil,Jessica McNeil,Delyth Cox,Lee J. Arnold,Quan Hua,Jillian Huntley,Helen E. A. Brand,Tiina Manne,Andrew Fairbairn,James Shulmeister,Lindsey Lyle,Makiah Salinas,Mara Page,Kate Connell,Gayoung Park,Kasih Norman,Tessa Murphy,Colin Pardoe +31 more
TL;DR: The results of new excavations conducted at Madjedbebe, a rock shelter in northern Australia, set a new minimum age of around 65,000 years ago for the arrival of humans in Australia, the dispersal of modern humans out of Africa, and the subsequent interactions ofmodern humans with Neanderthals and Denisovans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Strong and deep Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the last glacial cycle
Evelyn Böhm,Jörg Lippold,Marcus Gutjahr,Martin Frank,Patrick Blaser,Benny Antz,Jens Fohlmeister,Norbert Frank,Morten B. Andersen,Michael Deininger +9 more
TL;DR: It is shown that a deep and vigorous overturning circulation mode has persisted for most of the last glacial cycle, dominating ocean circulation in the Atlantic, whereas a shallower glacial mode with southern-sourced waters filling the deep western North Atlantic prevailed during glacial maxima.
Journal ArticleDOI
Postglacial viability and colonization in North America’s ice-free corridor
Mikkel Winther Pedersen,Anthony Ruter,Charles E. Schweger,Harvey Friebe,Richard A. Staff,Kristian K. Kjeldsen,Kristian K. Kjeldsen,Marie Lisandra Zepeda Mendoza,Alwynne B. Beaudoin,Cynthia Zutter,Nicolaj K. Larsen,Nicolaj K. Larsen,Ben A. Potter,Rasmus Nielsen,Rasmus Nielsen,Rebecca A. Rainville,Ludovic Orlando,David J. Meltzer,David J. Meltzer,Kurt H. Kjær,Eske Willerslev,Eske Willerslev,Eske Willerslev +22 more
TL;DR: The findings reveal that the first Americans, whether Clovis or earlier groups in unglaciated North America before 12.6 cal. kyr bp, are unlikely to have travelled by this route into the Americas, however, later groups may have used this north–south passageway.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates
TL;DR: An overview of the main model components used in chronological analysis, their mathematical formulation, and examples of how such analyses can be performed using the latest version of the OxCal software (v4) are given.
Journal ArticleDOI
Radiocarbon Calibration and Analysis of Stratigraphy: The OxCal Program
TL;DR: In this article, the OxCal program informatique OxCal permet d'effectuer de nombreuses analyses sur les dates radiocarbones, de la simple calibration a l'analyse de tous les sites archeologiques en donnant des informations sur la stratigraphie and les autres methodes de datation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of the radiocarbon calibration program
TL;DR: This paper highlights some of the main developments to the radiocarbon calibration program, OxCal, including changes to the sampling algorithms used which improve the convergence of the Bayesian analysis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Deposition models for chronological records
TL;DR: In this paper, a range of Bayesian models for deposition which have been implemented in the computer program OxCal are presented. But these models can be used to combine information from the sediments themselves with radiocarbon or other direct dating information.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dealing with outliers and offsets in radiocarbon dating
TL;DR: The use of a similar approach for other kinds of correlated offset (such as overall measurement bias or regional offsets in the calibration curve) is discussed and the implementation of these methods in OxCal v 4.0 is presented.
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