Journal ArticleDOI
Reducing Implicit Racial Preferences: I. A Comparative Investigation of 17 Interventions
Calvin K. Lai,Maddalena Marini,Steven A. Lehr,Carlo Cerruti,Jiyun Elizabeth L. Shin,Jennifer A. Joy-Gaba,Arnold K. Ho,Arnold K. Ho,Bethany A. Teachman,Sean P. Wojcik,Spassena Koleva,Spassena Koleva,Spassena Koleva,Rebecca S. Frazier,Larisa Heiphetz,Eva E. Chen,Rhiannon Turner,Jonathan Haidt,Selin Kesebir,Carlee Beth Hawkins,Hillary S. Schaefer,Sandro Rubichi,Giuseppe Sartori,Christopher M. Dial,N. Sriram,Mahzarin R. Banaji,Brian A. Nosek +26 more
TLDR
Eight of 17 interventions were effective at reducing implicit preferences for Whites compared with Blacks, particularly ones that provided experience with counterstereotypical exemplars, used evaluative conditioning methods, and provided strategies to override biases.Abstract:
Many methods for reducing implicit prejudice have been identified, but little is known about their relative effectiveness. We held a research contest to experimentally compare interventions for reducing the expression of implicit racial prejudice. Teams submitted seventeen interventions that were tested an average of 3.70 times each in four studies (total N = 17,021), with rules for revising interventions between studies. Eight of seventeen interventions were effective at reducing implicit preferences for Whites compared to Blacks, particularly ones that provided experience with counterstereotypical exemplars, used evaluative conditioning methods, and provided strategies to override biases. The other nine interventions were ineffective, particularly ones that engaged participants with others’ perspectives, asked participants to consider egalitarian values, or induced a positive emotion. The most potent interventions were ones that invoked high self-involvement or linked Black people with positivity and White people with negativity. No intervention consistently reduced explicit racial preferences. Furthermore, intervention effectiveness only weakly extended to implicit preferences for Asians and Hispanics.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
A decade of studying implicit racial/ethnic bias in healthcare providers using the implicit association test
TL;DR: There is a need for more research exploring implicit bias in real-world patient care, potential modifiers and confounders of the effect of implicit bias on care, and strategies aimed at reducing implicit bias and improving patient-provider communication.
Journal ArticleDOI
A meta-analysis of procedures to change implicit measures.
Patrick S. Forscher,Calvin K. Lai,Jordan Axt,Charles R. Ebersole,Michelle Herman,Patricia G. Devine,Brian A. Nosek +6 more
TL;DR: It is found that implicit measures can be changed, but effects are often relatively weak (|ds| < .30), and changes in implicit measures did not mediate changes in explicit measures or behavior.
Journal ArticleDOI
A meta-analytic test of the imagined contact hypothesis
Eleanor Miles,Richard J. Crisp +1 more
TL;DR: This paper provided the first quantitative review of imagined contact effects on four key measures of intergroup bias: attitudes, emotions, intentions, and behavior, and found that imagined contact resulted in significantly reduced intergroup biases across all four dependent variables (overall d+ = 0.35).
Journal ArticleDOI
Reducing Implicit Racial Preferences: II. Intervention Effectiveness Across Time
Calvin K. Lai,Allison L. Skinner,Erin Cooley,Sohad Murrar,Markus Brauer,Thierry Devos,Jimmy Calanchini,Yi Jenny Xiao,Christina Pedram,Christopher K Marhsburn,Stefanie Simon,John C. Blanchar,Jennifer A. Joy-Gaba,J. Conway,Liz Redford,Richard A. Klein,Gina Roussos,Fabian M. H. Schellhaas,Mason D. Burns,Xiaoqing Hu,Meghan C. McLean,Jordan Axt,Shaki Asgari,Kathleen Schmidt,Rachel S. Rubinstein,Maddalena Marini,Sandro Rubichi,Jiyun Elizabeth L. Shin,Brian A. Nosek +28 more
TL;DR: It is found that short-term malleability in implicit preferences does not necessarily lead to long-term change, raising new questions about the flexibility and stability of implicit preferences.
References
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Book
The Nature of Prejudice
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the dynamics of prejudgment, including: Frustration, Aggression and Hatred, Anxiety, Sex, and Guilt, Demagogy, and Tolerant Personality.
Journal ArticleDOI
Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test.
TL;DR: An implicit association test (IAT) measures differential association of 2 target concepts with an attribute when instructions oblige highly associated categories to share a response key, and performance is faster than when less associated categories share a key.
Journal ArticleDOI
Implicit Social Cognition: Attitudes, Self-Esteem, and Stereotypes.
TL;DR: The present conclusion--that attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes have important implicit modes of operation--extends both the construct validity and predictive usefulness of these major theoretical constructs of social psychology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: I. An improved scoring algorithm.
TL;DR: The best-performing measure incorporates data from the IAT's practice trials, uses a metric that is calibrated by each respondent's latency variability, and includes a latency penalty for errors, and strongly outperforms the earlier (conventional) procedure.
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