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Reduction in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Prevalence Among Young Women Following HPV Vaccine Introduction in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2003–2010

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TLDR
Within 4 years of vaccine introduction, the vaccine-type HPV prevalence decreased among females aged 14-19 years despite low vaccine uptake, and the estimated vaccine effectiveness was high.
Abstract
Background. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was introduced into the routine immunization schedule in the United States in late 2006 for females aged 11 or 12 years with catch-up vaccination recommended for those aged 13-26 years. In 2010 3-dose vaccine coverage was only 32% among 13-17 year-olds. Reduction in the prevalence of HPV types targeted by the quadrivalent vaccine (HPV-6 -11 -16 and -18) will be one of the first measures of vaccine impact. Methods. We analyzed HPV prevalence data from the vaccine era (2007-2010) and the prevaccine era (2003-2006) that were collected during National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. HPV prevalence was determined by the Linear Array HPV Assay in cervicovaginal swab samples from females aged 14-59 years; 4150 provided samples in 2003-2006 and 4253 provided samples in 2007-2010. Results. Among females aged 14-19 years the vaccine-type HPV prevalence (HPV-6 -11 -16 or -18) decreased from 11.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.2-14.4) in 2003-2006 to 5.1% (95% CI 3.8-6.6) in 2007-2010 a decline of 56% (95% CI 38-69). Among other age groups the prevalence did not differ significantly between the 2 time periods (P > .05). The vaccine effectiveness of at least 1 dose was 82% (95% CI 53-93). Conclusions. Within 4 years of vaccine introduction the vaccine-type HPV prevalence decreased among females aged 14-19 years despite low vaccine uptake. The estimated vaccine effectiveness was high.

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Cost-effectiveness of Chlamydia vaccination programs for young women.

TL;DR: A successful vaccine could be a cost-effective addition to current screening practices and an option to consider for use in addition to existing screening practices for infectious diseases.
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Evaluation of the immunogenicity of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine using 2 versus 3 doses at month 21: An epidemiological surveillance mechanism for alternate vaccination schemes.

TL;DR: The two doses schedule was non-inferior compared to the 3 doses schedule in same-age girls and to the group of adult women after 21 months of the first vaccine dose, supporting the recent WHO recommendation as well as the Mexican policy to incorporate the 2 doses schedule for girls aged 9–11 y.
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Second-generation prophylactic HPV vaccines: successes and challenges

TL;DR: L2-based vaccines show considerable promise as a potential next-generation HPV vaccine that induces broadly neutralizing antibodies, capable of blocking infection by a wide range of HPV types.
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HPV Misconceptions Among College Students: The Role of Health Literacy

TL;DR: While health literacy was not related to vaccination status, it was associated with greater knowledge of both HPV and available vaccines, and Participants who were familiar with HPV had higher health literacy than participants who were not.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

A review of human carcinogens--Part B: biological agents

TL;DR: In this paper, the carcinogenicity of the biological agents classifi ed as "carcinogenic to humans" (Group 1) and to identify additional tumour sites and mechanisms of carcinogenesis (tables 1 and 2).
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Human papillomavirus genotype attribution in invasive cervical cancer: a retrospective cross-sectional worldwide study

Silvia de Sanjosé, +62 more
- 01 Nov 2010 - 
TL;DR: HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, and 58 should be given priority when the cross-protective effects of current vaccines are assessed, and for formulation of recommendations for the use of second-generation polyvalent HPV vaccines, according to this largest assessment of HPV genotypes to date.
Journal ArticleDOI

Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent high-grade cervical lesions

TL;DR: In young women who had not been previously infected with HPV-16 or HPV-18, those in the vaccine group had a significantly lower occurrence of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia related to HPV- 16 or HPV -18 than did those inThe placebo group.
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