Reduction in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Prevalence Among Young Women Following HPV Vaccine Introduction in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2003–2010
Lauri E. Markowitz,Susan Hariri,Carol Y. Lin,Eileen F. Dunne,Martin Steinau,Geraldine M. McQuillan,Elizabeth R. Unger +6 more
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TLDR
Within 4 years of vaccine introduction, the vaccine-type HPV prevalence decreased among females aged 14-19 years despite low vaccine uptake, and the estimated vaccine effectiveness was high.Abstract:
Background. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was introduced into the routine immunization schedule in the United States in late 2006 for females aged 11 or 12 years with catch-up vaccination recommended for those aged 13-26 years. In 2010 3-dose vaccine coverage was only 32% among 13-17 year-olds. Reduction in the prevalence of HPV types targeted by the quadrivalent vaccine (HPV-6 -11 -16 and -18) will be one of the first measures of vaccine impact. Methods. We analyzed HPV prevalence data from the vaccine era (2007-2010) and the prevaccine era (2003-2006) that were collected during National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. HPV prevalence was determined by the Linear Array HPV Assay in cervicovaginal swab samples from females aged 14-59 years; 4150 provided samples in 2003-2006 and 4253 provided samples in 2007-2010. Results. Among females aged 14-19 years the vaccine-type HPV prevalence (HPV-6 -11 -16 or -18) decreased from 11.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.2-14.4) in 2003-2006 to 5.1% (95% CI 3.8-6.6) in 2007-2010 a decline of 56% (95% CI 38-69). Among other age groups the prevalence did not differ significantly between the 2 time periods (P > .05). The vaccine effectiveness of at least 1 dose was 82% (95% CI 53-93). Conclusions. Within 4 years of vaccine introduction the vaccine-type HPV prevalence decreased among females aged 14-19 years despite low vaccine uptake. The estimated vaccine effectiveness was high.read more
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Assessing genital human papillomavirus genoprevalence in young Australian women following the introduction of a national vaccination program
Sarah L. Osborne,Sepehr N. Tabrizi,Julia M.L. Brotherton,Alyssa M. Cornall,John D. Wark,C. David Wrede,Yasmin Jayasinghe,Dorota M. Gertig,Marian Pitts,Suzanne M. Garland +9 more
TL;DR: Very low prevalence of vaccine-related HPV genotypes amongst vaccine-eligible women from Victoria, Australia is demonstrated and strong associations were observed between vaccination status, age, language spoken at home and country of birth, as well as between HPV detection and the number of male sexual partners.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recurring infection with ecologically distinct HPV types can explain high prevalence and diversity
Sylvia L. Ranjeva,Edward B. Baskerville,Vanja Dukic,Luisa L. Villa,Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce,Anna R. Giuliano,Greg Dwyer,Sarah Cobey +7 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that high HPV prevalence and diversity can be explained by a combination of a lack of homologous immunity, frequent reinfections, weak competition between types, and variation in type fitness between host subpopulations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus (Types 6, 11, 16, 18) Recombinant Vaccine (Gardasil ® ): A Review of Its Use in the Prevention of Premalignant Anogenital Lesions, Cervical and Anal Cancers, and Genital Warts
TL;DR: The quadrivalent HPV vaccine offers an effective means to substantially reduce the burden of HPV-related anogenital disease in females and males, particularly cervical cancer and genital warts, and was usually predicted to be cost effective in girls and young women.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Introduction in South Africa: Implementation Lessons From an Evaluation of the National School-Based Vaccination Campaign.
Sinead Delany-Moretlwe,Karen F. Kelley,Shamagonam James,Fiona Scorgie,Hasina Subedar,Nonhlanhla R Dlamini,Yogan Pillay,Nicolette Naidoo,Admire Chikandiwa,Helen Rees +9 more
TL;DR: The first phase of the national school-based HPV vaccination campaign was successfully implemented at scale in this setting, and the primary challenges the authors identified were related to obtaining informed consent, vulnerabilities in cold chain capacity, and onsite management of minor adverse events.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vaccination interest and trends in human papillomavirus vaccine uptake in young adult women aged 18 to 26 years in the united states: An analysis using the 2008-2012 national health interview survey
Susanne Schmidt,Helen Parsons +1 more
TL;DR: Uptake of HPV vaccine has increased from 2008 to 2012 in young women, yet vaccination rates remain low, especially among women with limited access to care, however, unvaccinated women withlimited health care access were more likely to be interested in receiving the vaccine.
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TL;DR: HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, and 58 should be given priority when the cross-protective effects of current vaccines are assessed, and for formulation of recommendations for the use of second-generation polyvalent HPV vaccines, according to this largest assessment of HPV genotypes to date.
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Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent high-grade cervical lesions
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TL;DR: In young women who had not been previously infected with HPV-16 or HPV-18, those in the vaccine group had a significantly lower occurrence of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia related to HPV- 16 or HPV -18 than did those inThe placebo group.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficacy of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against cervical infection and precancer caused by oncogenic HPV types (PATRICIA): final analysis of a double-blind, randomised study in young women.
Jorma Paavonen,Paulo Naud,Jorge Salmerón,Cosette M. Wheeler,Song-Nan Chow,D Apter,Henry C Kitchener,Xavier Castellsagué,Julio Cesar Teixeira,S R Skinner,James Hedrick,Unnop Jaisamrarn,Genara Limson,Suzanne M. Garland,Anne Szarewski,Barbara Romanowski,Fred Y. Aoki,Tino F. Schwarz,Willy Poppe,Franz X. Bosch,David Jenkins,Karin Hardt,Toufik Zahaf,Dominique Descamps,Frank Struyf,Matti Lehtinen,Gary Dubin +26 more
TL;DR: The HPV- 16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine showed high efficacy against CIN2+ associated with HPV-16/18 and non-vaccine oncogenic HPV types and substantial overall effect in cohorts that are relevant to universal mass vaccination and catch-up programmes.
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