Reduction in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Prevalence Among Young Women Following HPV Vaccine Introduction in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2003–2010
Lauri E. Markowitz,Susan Hariri,Carol Y. Lin,Eileen F. Dunne,Martin Steinau,Geraldine M. McQuillan,Elizabeth R. Unger +6 more
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TLDR
Within 4 years of vaccine introduction, the vaccine-type HPV prevalence decreased among females aged 14-19 years despite low vaccine uptake, and the estimated vaccine effectiveness was high.Abstract:
Background. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was introduced into the routine immunization schedule in the United States in late 2006 for females aged 11 or 12 years with catch-up vaccination recommended for those aged 13-26 years. In 2010 3-dose vaccine coverage was only 32% among 13-17 year-olds. Reduction in the prevalence of HPV types targeted by the quadrivalent vaccine (HPV-6 -11 -16 and -18) will be one of the first measures of vaccine impact. Methods. We analyzed HPV prevalence data from the vaccine era (2007-2010) and the prevaccine era (2003-2006) that were collected during National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. HPV prevalence was determined by the Linear Array HPV Assay in cervicovaginal swab samples from females aged 14-59 years; 4150 provided samples in 2003-2006 and 4253 provided samples in 2007-2010. Results. Among females aged 14-19 years the vaccine-type HPV prevalence (HPV-6 -11 -16 or -18) decreased from 11.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.2-14.4) in 2003-2006 to 5.1% (95% CI 3.8-6.6) in 2007-2010 a decline of 56% (95% CI 38-69). Among other age groups the prevalence did not differ significantly between the 2 time periods (P > .05). The vaccine effectiveness of at least 1 dose was 82% (95% CI 53-93). Conclusions. Within 4 years of vaccine introduction the vaccine-type HPV prevalence decreased among females aged 14-19 years despite low vaccine uptake. The estimated vaccine effectiveness was high.read more
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TL;DR: This report summarizes the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) and associated diseases, describes the licensed HPV vaccines, provides updated data from clinical trials and postlicensure safety studies, and compiles recommendations from CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for use of HPV vaccines.
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National, Regional, State, and Selected Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents Aged 13-17 Years--United States, 2014.
Sarah Reagan-Steiner,David Yankey,Jenny Jeyarajah,Laurie D. Elam-Evans,James A. Singleton,C. Robinette Curtis,Jessica R. MacNeil,Lauri E. Markowitz,Shannon Stokley +8 more
TL;DR: Overall progress in vaccination coverage among adolescents, HPV vaccination coverage continues to lag behind Tdap and MenACWY coverage at state and national levels, but seven public health jurisdictions achieved significant increases in ≥1- or ≥3-dose HPV vaccination Coverage among females in 2014, demonstrating that substantial improvement in HPV vaccinations coverage is feasible.
References
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Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine
TL;DR: Widespread use of HPV 6/11/16/18 vaccine is expected to greatly reduce the incidence of HPV-related cancers, precancers, and genital warts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immunogenicity of 2 doses of HPV vaccine in younger adolescents vs 3 doses in young women: a randomized clinical trial.
Simon Dobson,Shelly A. McNeil,Marc Dionne,Meena Dawar,Gina Ogilvie,Mel Krajden,Chantal Sauvageau,David W. Scheifele,Tobias R. Kollmann,Scott A. Halperin,Joanne M. Langley,Julie A. Bettinger,Joel Singer,Deborah Money,Dianne Miller,Monika Naus,Fawziah Marra,Eric W. Young +17 more
TL;DR: Among girls who received 2 doses of HPV vaccine 6 months apart, responses to HPV-16 and HPV-18 one month after the last dose were noninferior to those among young women who received 3 doses of the vaccine within 6 months.
Journal ArticleDOI
Proof-of-Principle Evaluation of the Efficacy of Fewer Than Three Doses of a Bivalent HPV16/18 Vaccine
Aimée R. Kreimer,Ana Cecilia Rodriguez,Allan Hildesheim,Rolando Herrero,Carolina Porras,Mark Schiffman,Paula Gonzalez,Diane Solomon,Silvia Jimenez,John T. Schiller,Douglas R. Lowy,Wim Quint,Mark E. Sherman,John Schussler,Sholom Wacholder +14 more
TL;DR: Four years after vaccination of women who appeared to be uninfected, this nonrandomized analysis suggests that two doses of the HPV16/18 vaccine, and maybe even one dose, are as protective as three doses.
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Chapter 12: Prophylactic HPV vaccines: underlying mechanisms.
TL;DR: The available evidence is that the immunodominant neutralising antibodies generated by L1 VLPs are type-specific and are not cross- neutralising, although highly homologous HPV pairs share minor cross-neutralisation epitopes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fall in Human Papillomavirus Prevalence Following a National Vaccination Program
Sepehr N. Tabrizi,Julia M.L. Brotherton,John M. Kaldor,S. Rachel Skinner,Eleanor Cummins,Bette Liu,Deborah Bateson,Kathleen McNamee,Maria Garefalakis,Suzanne M. Garland +9 more
TL;DR: A substantial decrease in vaccine-targeted genotypes is evident and should, in time, translate into reductions in HPV-related lesions.
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