Repurposing Treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome for Th-17 Cell Immune Storm Syndrome and Neurological Symptoms in COVID-19: Thiamine Efficacy and Safety, In-Vitro Evidence and Pharmacokinetic Profile
Vatsalya Vatsalya,Vatsalya Vatsalya,Fengyuan Li,Jane Frimodig,Jane Frimodig,Khushboo Gala,Shweta Srivastava,Maiying Kong,Maiying Kong,Vijay A. Ramchandani,Wenke Feng,Xiang Zhang,Craig J. McClain +12 more
TLDR
In this article, Thiamine can effectively lower the Th17 response in a clinical study [Proinflammatory state in alcohol use disorder patients termed as disease controls (DC)] and corroborated the results using an in vitro study.Abstract:
Coronavirus disease identified in 2019 (COVID-19) can be complicated by the Th17 cell-mediated IL-17 proinflammatory response We tested if thiamine can effectively lower the Th17 response in a clinical study [Proinflammatory state in alcohol use disorder patients termed as disease controls (DC)] and corroborated the results using an in vitro study We developed an effective dose range and model for key pharmacokinetic measures with the potential of targeting the cytokine storm and neurological symptoms of COVID-19 Three-week 200 mg dose of thiamine was administered to sixteen DC patients Eight healthy volunteers (HV) were also included in this investigation A subsequent in vitro study was performed to validate the effectiveness of thiamine [100 mg/day equivalent (0 01 mug/ml)] treatment in lowering the Th17 proinflammatory response in a mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264 7) treated with ethanol Based on recent publications, we compared the results of the IL-17 response from our clinical and in vitro study to those found in other proinflammatory disease conditions (metabolic conditions, septic shock, viral infections and COVID-19) and effective and safe dose ranges of thiamine We developed a pharmacokinetic profile for thiamine dose range as a novel intervention strategy in COVID-19 DC group showed significantly elevated proinflammatory cytokines compared to HV Thiamine-treated DC patients showed significant lowering in IL-17 and increase in the IL-22 levels In humans, a range of 79-474 mg daily of thiamine was estimated to be effective and safe as an intervention for the COVID-19 cytokine storm A literature review showed that several neurological symptoms of COVID-19 (~45 5% of the severe cases) occur in other viral infections and neuroinflammatory states that may also respond to thiamine treatment Thiamine, a very safe drug even at very high doses, could be repurposed for treating the Th17 mediated IL-17 immune storm, and the subsequent neurological symptoms observed in COVID-19 Further studies using thiamine as an intervention/prevention strategy in COVID-19 patients could identify its precise anti-inflammatory roleread more
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CD147 antibody specifically and effectively inhibits infection and cytokine storm of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants delta, alpha, beta, and gamma
Jie-Jie Geng,Liang Chen,Yufeng Yuan,Ke Wang,Youchun Wang,Chuan Qin,Guizhen Wu,Ruo Chen,Zheng Zhang,Ding Wei,Peng Du,Jun Zhang,Peng Lin,Kui Zhang,Yong-Qiang Deng,Xu Ke,Jiangning Liu,Xiu-Xuan Sun,Ting Guo,Xu Yang,Jiao Wu,Jian-Li Jiang,Ling Li,Zhang Kun,Zhe Wang,Jing Zhang,Qingguo Yan,Hua Zhu,Zhaohui Zheng,Jinlin Miao,Xianghui Fu,Fengfan Yang,Xiaochun Chen,Hao Tang,Yang Zhang,Ying Shi,Yu-Meng Zhu,Zhuo Pei,Fei Huo,Xue Liang,Ya-Tao Wang,Qing-Yi Wang,Wen Xie,Yirong Li,Ming-Yan Shi,Huijie Bian,Ping Zhu,Zhi-Nan Chen +47 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identified CD147 as a universal receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, and proposed that severe COVID-19-related cytokine storm is induced by a spike protein-CD147-CyPA signaling axis.
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The Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections
Ren Jun Hsu,Weiping Yu,Guan Peng,Chih-Hung Ye,S. Hu,Patrick Chun Yin Chong,Kah Yi Yap,Jamie Lee,Wei Chen Lin,Shu Han Yu +9 more
TL;DR: This study focuses on cytokine secretions of innate and adaptive immune responses against COVID-19, including interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and other chemokines, and discusses potential immunotherapeutic approaches based on relevant pathophysiological features.
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Neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19, potential neurotropic mechanisms, and therapeutic interventions.
Ying Han,Kai Yuan,Zhe Wang,Wei-Jian Liu,Zheng-An Lu,Lin Liu,Le Shi,Wei Yan,Jun-Liang Yuan,Jia-Li Li,Jie Shi,Zhongchun Liu,Gaohua Wang,Thomas R. Kosten,Yanping Bao,Lin Lu,Lin Lu +16 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize recent animal and human studies for neurotrophic properties of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and elucidate potential neuropathogenic mechanisms involved in the viral invasion of the central nervous system as a cause for brain damage and neurological impairments.
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Metabolic Profiling from an Asymptomatic Ferret Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
David J. Beale,Rohan M. Shah,Rohan M. Shah,Avinash V. Karpe,Katie E. Hillyer,Alexander J. McAuley,Gough G. Au,Glenn A. Marsh,Seshadri S. Vasan,Seshadri S. Vasan +9 more
TL;DR: The utility of metabolomics applied to ferrets for further CO VID-19 research that advances early diagnosis of asymptomatic and mild clinical COVID-19 infections, in addition to assessing the effectiveness of new or re-purposed drug therapies is indicated.
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Evaluation of thiamine as adjunctive therapy in COVID-19 critically ill patients: a two-center propensity score matched study.
Khalid Al Sulaiman,Khalid Al Sulaiman,Ohoud Aljuhani,Maram Al Dossari,Asma M. Alshahrani,Aisha Alharbi,Rahmah Algarni,Majed Al Jeraisy,Majed Al Jeraisy,Shmeylan Al Harbi,Shmeylan Al Harbi,Abdulmalik Al Katheri,Abdulmalik Al Katheri,Fahad A. Al Eidan,Fahad A. Al Eidan,Abdulkareem M. Al Bekairy,Abdulkareem M. Al Bekairy,Nouf Al Qahtani,Mashael Al Muqrin,Ramesh Vishwakarma,Ghassan Al Ghamdi,Ghassan Al Ghamdi +21 more
TL;DR: Patients who received thiamine as an adjunctive therapy were less likely to have thrombosis during ICU stay and may have potential survival benefits in critically ill patients with COVID-19.
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Jerome R. Lechien,Carlos M. Chiesa-Estomba,Daniele R De Siati,Mihaela Horoi,Serge D Le Bon,Alexandra Rodriguez,Didier Dequanter,Serge Blecic,Fahd El Afia,Lea Distinguin,Younes Chekkoury-Idrissi,Stéphane Hans,Irene Lopez Delgado,Christian Calvo-Henriquez,Philippe Lavigne,Chiara Falanga,Maria Rosaria Barillari,Giovanni Cammaroto,Mohamad Khalife,Pierre Leich,Christel Souchay,Camelia Rossi,Fabrice Journe,Julien Hsieh,Myriam Edjlali,Myriam Edjlali,Robert Carlier,Laurence Ris,Andrea Lovato,Cosimo de Filippis,Frédérique Coppée,Nicolas Fakhry,Tareck Ayad,Sven Saussez +33 more
TL;DR: Olfactory and gustatory disorders are prevalent symptoms in European CO VID-19 patients, who may not have nasal symptoms, and the sudden anosmia or ageusia need to be recognized by the international scientific community as important symptoms of the COVID-19 infection.