Journal ArticleDOI
Requirement for glycine in activation of NMDA-receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes
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In voltage-clamped oocytes, neither perfusion nor rapid pressure application of NMDA onto messenger RNA-injected oocytes caused a distinct ionic current without added glycine, but when glycine was added, NMDA evoked large inward currents.Abstract:
Receptors for N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) are involved in many plastic and pathological processes in the brain. Glycine has been reported to potentiate NMDA responses in neurons and in Xenopus oocytes injected with rat brain messenger RNA. Glycine is now shown to be absolutely required for activation of NMDA receptors in oocytes. In voltage-clamped oocytes, neither perfusion nor rapid pressure application of NMDA onto messenger RNA-injected oocytes caused a distinct ionic current without added glycine. When glycine was added, however, NMDA evoked large inward currents. The concentration of glycine required to produce a half-maximal response was 670 nanomolar, and the glycine dose-response curve extrapolated to zero in the absence of glycine. Several analogs of glycine could substitute for glycine, among which D-serine and D-alanine were the most effective. The observation that D-amino acids are effective will be important in developing drugs targeted at the glycine site.read more
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The glutamate receptor ion channels
TL;DR: The cloning of cDNAs encoding glutamate receptor subunits, which occurred mainly between 1989 and 1992, stimulated the development of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the brain.
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Glutamate Receptor Ion Channels: Structure, Regulation, and Function
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Molecular cloning and characterization of the rat NMDA receptor
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Glycine potentiates the NMDA response in cultured mouse brain neurons
J. W. Johnson,P Ascher +1 more
TL;DR: G glycine may facilitate excitatory transmission in the brain through an allosteric activation of the NMDA receptor, and can be observed in outside-out patches as an increase in the frequency of opening of the channels activated by NMDA agonists.
Journal ArticleDOI
Elevation of the extracellular concentrations of glutamate and aspartate in rat hippocampus during transient cerebral ischemia monitored by intracerebral microdialysis
TL;DR: It is suggested that the large increase in the content of extracellular glutamate and aspartate in the hippocampus induced by the ischemic period may be one of the causal factors in the damage to certain neurons observed after ischemia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sequence and functional expression of the GABA A receptor shows a ligand-gated receptor super-family
Peter R. Schofield,Peter R. Schofield,Mark G. Darlison,Norihisa Fujita,David R. Burt,David R. Burt,F. Anne Stephenson,Henry Rodriguez,Lucy Rhee,J. Ramachandran,V. Reale,TA Glencorse,Peter H. Seeburg,Peter H. Seeburg,Eric A. Barnard +14 more
TL;DR: Amino-acid sequences derived from complementary DMAs encoding the α- and β-subunits of the GAB A/ benzo diazepine receptor from bovine brain show homology with other ligand-gated receptor subunits, suggesting that there is a super-family of ion-channel-containing receptors.
Journal ArticleDOI
A study of the desensitization produced by acetylcholine at the motor end-plate.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Systemic administration of MK-801 protects against ischemia-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration in the gerbil
R. Gill,AC Foster,GN Woodruff +2 more
TL;DR: The potent neuroprotective effects of MK-801 in these cerebral ischemia models add further weight to the evidence that NMDA receptors are involved in the mechanism of ischemic-induced neuronal degeneration.