Journal ArticleDOI
Revenge of the phages: defeating bacterial defences
TLDR
The various tactics that are used by phages to overcome bacterial resistance mechanisms, including adsorption inhibition, restriction–modification, CRISPR–Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–CRISPR-associated proteins) systems and abortive infection are described.Abstract:
Bacteria and their viral predators (bacteriophages) are locked in a constant battle. In order to proliferate in phage-rich environments, bacteria have an impressive arsenal of defence mechanisms, and in response, phages have evolved counter-strategies to evade these antiviral systems. In this Review, we describe the various tactics that are used by phages to overcome bacterial resistance mechanisms, including adsorption inhibition, restriction-modification, CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins) systems and abortive infection. Furthermore, we consider how these observations have enhanced our knowledge of phage biology, evolution and phage-host interactions.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Unravelling the structural and mechanistic basis of CRISPR-Cas systems.
TL;DR: This Review summarizes the recent structural and biochemical insights that have been gained for the three major types of CRISPR–Cas systems, which together provide a detailed molecular understanding of the unique and conserved mechanisms of RNA-guided adaptive immunity in bacteria and archaea.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bacteria–phage coevolution as a driver of ecological and evolutionary processes in microbial communities
TL;DR: This review sums up the current understanding of bacteria–phage coevolution both in the laboratory and in nature, and discusses recent findings on both thecoevolutionary process itself and the impact of coev evolution on bacterial phenotype, diversity and interactions with other species (particularly their eukaryotic hosts).
Journal ArticleDOI
Diverse evolutionary roots and mechanistic variations of the CRISPR-Cas systems.
Prarthana Mohanraju,Kira S. Makarova,Bernd Zetsche,Feng Zhang,Eugene V. Koonin,John van der Oost +5 more
TL;DR: The ability to easily program sequence-specific DNA targeting and cleavage by CRISPR-Cas components, as demonstrated for Cas9 and Cpf1, allows for the application of CRISpr- Cas components as highly effective tools for genetic engineering and gene regulation in a wide range of eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lysogeny in nature: mechanisms, impact and ecology of temperate phages
TL;DR: Using a combined viral ecology toolkit that is applied across broad model systems and environments will help to understand more of the diverse lifestyles and ecological impacts of lysogens in nature.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inhibition of CRISPR-Cas9 with Bacteriophage Proteins
Benjamin J. Rauch,Melanie R. Silvis,Judd F. Hultquist,Judd F. Hultquist,Christopher S. Waters,Michael J. McGregor,Michael J. McGregor,Nevan J. Krogan,Nevan J. Krogan,Joseph Bondy-Denomy +9 more
TL;DR: Four unique type II-A CRISPR-Cas9 inhibitor proteins encoded by Listeria monocytogenes prophages present tools that can be used to regulate the genome engineering activities of CRISpr-Cas 9.
References
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CRISPR provides acquired resistance against viruses in prokaryotes
Rodolphe Barrangou,Christophe Fremaux,Hélène Deveau,Melissa Richards,Patrick Boyaval,Sylvain Moineau,Dennis A. Romero,Philippe Horvath +7 more
TL;DR: It is found that, after viral challenge, bacteria integrated new spacers derived from phage genomic sequences, and CRISPR provided resistance against phages, and resistance specificity is determined by spacer-phage sequence similarity.
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Marine viruses — major players in the global ecosystem
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CRISPR RNA maturation by trans -encoded small RNA and host factor RNase III
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TL;DR: In this article, tracrRNA, a trans-encoded small RNA with 24-nucleotide complementarity to the repeat regions of crRNA precursor transcripts, is shown to direct the maturation of crRNAs by the activities of the widely conserved endogenous RNase III and the CRISPR-associated Csn1 protein.
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The CRISPR/Cas bacterial immune system cleaves bacteriophage and plasmid DNA.
Josiane E. Garneau,Marie Ève Dupuis,Manuela Villion,Dennis A. Romero,Rodolphe Barrangou,Patrick Boyaval,Christophe Fremaux,Philippe Horvath,Alfonso H. Magadán,Sylvain Moineau +9 more
TL;DR: In vivo evidence is provided that the Streptococcus thermophilus CRISPR1/Cas system can also naturally acquire spacers from a self-replicating plasmid containing an antibiotic-resistance gene, leading toplasmid loss.
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