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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

The Biology of Proteostasis in Aging and Disease

Johnathan Labbadia, +1 more
- 02 Jun 2015 - 
- Vol. 84, Iss: 1, pp 435-464
TLDR
The composition, function, and organizational properties of the PN are reviewed in the context of individual cells and entire organisms and the mechanisms by which disruption of thePN, and related stress response pathways, contributes to the initiation and progression of disease are discussed.
Abstract
Loss of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is a common feature of aging and disease that is characterized by the appearance of nonnative protein aggregates in various tissues. Protein aggregation is routinely suppressed by the proteostasis network (PN), a collection of macromolecular machines that operate in diverse ways to maintain proteome integrity across subcellular compartments and between tissues to ensure a healthy life span. Here, we review the composition, function, and organizational properties of the PN in the context of individual cells and entire organisms and discuss the mechanisms by which disruption of the PN, and related stress response pathways, contributes to the initiation and progression of disease. We explore emerging evidence that disease susceptibility arises from early changes in the composition and activity of the PN and propose that a more complete understanding of the temporal and spatial properties of the PN will enhance our ability to develop effective treatments for protein conformational diseases.

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Citations
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Protein Misfolding, Amyloid Formation, and Human Disease: A Summary of Progress Over the Last Decade

TL;DR: This review describes this field of science with particular reference to the advances that have been made over the last decade in understanding of its fundamental nature and consequences and shows evidence that a complex proteostasis network actively combats protein aggregation.
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The integrated stress response.

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In vivo aspects of protein folding and quality control

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

TL;DR: Tight genetic linkage between FALS and a gene that encodes a cytosolic, Cu/Zn-binding superoxide dismutase (SOD1), a homodimeric metalloenzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of the toxic superoxide anion O–2 to O2 and H2O2 is reported.
Journal ArticleDOI

Protein Misfolding, Functional Amyloid, and Human Disease

TL;DR: The relative importance of the common main-chain and side-chain interactions in determining the propensities of proteins to aggregate is discussed and some of the evidence that the oligomeric fibril precursors are the primary origins of pathological behavior is described.
Journal ArticleDOI

Mutations in the parkin gene cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism

TL;DR: Mutations in the newly identified gene appear to be responsible for the pathogenesis of Autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism, and the protein product is named ‘Parkin’.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Unfolded Protein Response: From Stress Pathway to Homeostatic Regulation

TL;DR: The vast majority of proteins that a cell secretes or displays on its surface first enter the endoplasmic reticulum, where they fold and assemble, and only properly assembled proteins advance from the ER to the cell surface.
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