This paper presents an interpretive approach to childhood socialization that extends traditional views of human development The interpretive approach stresses the importance of collective processes and argues that children, through participation in cultural routines, creatively appropriate information from the adult world to produce their own unique peer cultures Building on a model of human development as a spiral of causality from the interpersonal to the intrapersonal, the paper offers the ‘spider web’ as a metaphor for conceptualizing the process of interpretive reproduction In this model individual development is seen as embedded in the collective production of a series of local cultures which in turn contribute to the reproduction of the wider society or culture The model is illustrated by a brief sociolinguistic analysis of discussion among three children in an Italian ‘scuola materna’

The Development of Thought: Equilibration of Cognitive Structures

Interpretive reproduction in the ‘Scuola Materna’

Monistic idealism may provide better ontology for cognitive science: a reply to dyer

Wikis today are being used as a tool to conduct collaborative writing assignments in classrooms. However, typical Wikis do not adequately address the assessment of individual student contributions toward their groups or provide any automated group formation mechanism. To improve these aspects, we have designed and implemented ClassroomWiki—a web-based collaborative Wiki writing tool. For the students, ClassroomWiki provides a web interface for writing and revising their group's Wiki and a topic-based forum for discussing their ideas during collaboration. When the students collaborate, ClassroomWiki tracks all student activities and builds detailed student models that represent their contributions toward their groups. For the teacher, ClassroomWiki provides a multiagent framework that uses the student models to form student groups to improve the collaborative learning of students. To investigate the impact of ClassroomWiki, we have conducted a three-week-long collaborative Wiki writing assignment in a university- level history course. The results suggest that ClassroomWiki can 1) improve the collaborative learning outcome of the students by its group formation framework, 2) help the teacher better assess a student's contribution toward his or her group and avoid free riding, and 3) facilitate specific and precise teacher intervention with accurate and detailed tracking of student activities.

ClassroomWiki: A Collaborative Wiki for Instructional Use with

Push, Pull, Toss, Tilt, Swing: Physics for Young Children

Considering the increasing importance of adaptive approaches in CALL systems, this study implemented a machine learning based student modeling middleware with Bayesian networks. The profiling approach of the student modeling system is based on Felder and Silverman's Learning Styles Model and Felder and Soloman's Index of Learning Styles Questionnaire. The questionnaire was adapted to Turkish for this experimental study conducted with respect to the visual/verbal and active/reflective dimensions of the model. A topic in EFL was chosen for the learning content design, which was also carried into the digital domain and remastered as separate learning scenes for different learning styles. Computer software was also implemented to carry out the experimental learning processes. A quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test design was conducted with 46 volunteers, with 23 students assigned each to a control and an experimental group to compare academic achievement between student-based learning and conventional computer-based learning. No significant difference was found in academic achievement between the control and experimental groups after the experimental treatment. The diagnostic performance of the proposed student modeling system was also compared with performances from similar studies. This student modeling system had a successful prediction rate of 41% on the visual/verbal dimension and 54% on the active/reflective dimension, respectively.Key WordsAcademic Achievement, Bayesian Networks, Computer Aided Language Learning, Felder and Silverman's Learning Styles Model, Student Modeling.The development of advanced communication techniques and widespread use of the Internet makes knowledge acquisition without geographic limitations much easier. These changes have triggered the transformation of student needs, following the path from traditional synchronous education to semi-synchronous and blended e-learning environments that are mostly realized by the clicks of a common mouse on a common software browser. While the teacher's role shifts from solely unidirectional teaching to facilitating the use of learning materials, the student's role also shifts from passive learning to taking responsibility for the learning process and continuous selfassessment. As a result, during e-learning, the student usually becomes the decision maker. There are, of course, pros and cons of having such individual responsibility. The positive and negative effects of e-learning on online students have been studied in detail by Cantoni, Cellario, and Porta (2004). One of the most important negative effects of e-learning is the student's solitude during learning sessions because of limited interaction. In such cases, student dropouts become a common reason for failure when the learning environment does not meet their expectations (Katz, 2002; Levy, 2007), while student-centered learning environments can enhance students' motivation by using intelligent computer systems.Even when students and teachers synchronously collaborate for a common purpose, they usually exist in different psychological, environmental, and geographical conditions. When the student's self-control is in question, it is crucial that the interaction between the student and the learning system must be maintained at a high level. The variety of quite different, individual methods used by students during their learning must not be overlooked when interaction is what matters (Baldwin & Sabry, 2003).It would not be surprising to think that the underlying component of an e-learning system is more or less sophisticated computer software designed to work with specific hardware requirements. It would then not be surprising that the processing superiority of computers over human beings lies at the heart of student-centered learning in the form of customized service possibilities. There are many customization and personalization systems installed in end-user computer software solutions nowadays. …

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The Development of Thought: Equilibration of Cognitive Structures

Citations

Interpretive reproduction in the ‘Scuola Materna’

Monistic idealism may provide better ontology for cognitive science: a reply to dyer

ClassroomWiki: A Collaborative Wiki for Instructional Use with

Push, Pull, Toss, Tilt, Swing: Physics for Young Children

Effect of Bayesian Student Modeling on Academic Achievement in Foreign Language Teaching (University Level English Preparatory School Example).

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