The Glymphatic System: A Beginner’s Guide
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TLDR
The glymphatic system is a recently discovered macroscopic waste clearance system that utilizes a unique system of perivascular tunnels, formed by astroglial cells, to promote efficient elimination of soluble proteins and metabolites from the central nervous system.Abstract:
The glymphatic system is a recently discovered macroscopic waste clearance system that utilizes a unique system of perivascular tunnels, formed by astroglial cells, to promote efficient elimination of soluble proteins and metabolites from the central nervous system. Besides waste elimination, the glymphatic system also facilitates brain-wide distribution of several compounds, including glucose, lipids, amino acids, growth factors, and neuromodulators. Intriguingly, the glymphatic system function mainly during sleep and is largely disengaged during wakefulness. The biological need for sleep across all species may therefore reflect that the brain must enter a state of activity that enables elimination of potentially neurotoxic waste products, including β-amyloid. Since the concept of the glymphatic system is relatively new, we will here review its basic structural elements, organization, regulation, and functions. We will also discuss recent studies indicating that glymphatic function is suppressed in various diseases and that failure of glymphatic function in turn might contribute to pathology in neurodegenerative disorders, traumatic brain injury and stroke.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension in patients with cerebral small vessel disease: A case report
TL;DR: In this article , the authors reported a case of CSVD with concomitant IIH, possibly associated with the brain's glymphatic and lymphatic system dysfunction, and they suggested that the normal GAs may serve as a compensatory mechanism for regulating increased intracranial pressure in patients with bilateral venous sinus obstruction.
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TL;DR: In this paper , a wake/sleep study was conducted on eight young, healthy volunteers, concurrently acquiring neurofluid dynamics using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, neural activity using Electroencephalography, and non-neuronal systemic physiology with peripheral functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: An anatomically distinct clearing system in the brain that serves a lymphatic-like function is described and may have relevance for understanding or treating neurodegenerative diseases that involve the mis-accumulation of soluble proteins, such as amyloid β in Alzheimer's disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sleep Drives Metabolite Clearance From the Adult Brain
Lulu Xie,Hongyi Kang,Qiwu Xu,Michael Chen,Yonghong Liao,Meenakshisundaram Thiyagarajan,John O’Donnell,Daniel J. Christensen,Charles Nicholson,Jeffrey J. Iliff,Takahiro Takano,Rashid Deane +11 more
TL;DR: It is reported that sleep has a critical function in ensuring metabolic homeostasis and convective fluxes of interstitial fluid increased the rate of β-amyloid clearance during sleep, suggesting the restorative function of sleep may be a consequence of the enhanced removal of potentially neurotoxic waste products that accumulate in the awake central nervous system.
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