The Glymphatic System: A Beginner’s Guide
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TLDR
The glymphatic system is a recently discovered macroscopic waste clearance system that utilizes a unique system of perivascular tunnels, formed by astroglial cells, to promote efficient elimination of soluble proteins and metabolites from the central nervous system.Abstract:
The glymphatic system is a recently discovered macroscopic waste clearance system that utilizes a unique system of perivascular tunnels, formed by astroglial cells, to promote efficient elimination of soluble proteins and metabolites from the central nervous system. Besides waste elimination, the glymphatic system also facilitates brain-wide distribution of several compounds, including glucose, lipids, amino acids, growth factors, and neuromodulators. Intriguingly, the glymphatic system function mainly during sleep and is largely disengaged during wakefulness. The biological need for sleep across all species may therefore reflect that the brain must enter a state of activity that enables elimination of potentially neurotoxic waste products, including β-amyloid. Since the concept of the glymphatic system is relatively new, we will here review its basic structural elements, organization, regulation, and functions. We will also discuss recent studies indicating that glymphatic function is suppressed in various diseases and that failure of glymphatic function in turn might contribute to pathology in neurodegenerative disorders, traumatic brain injury and stroke.read more
Citations
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Phase contrast MRI measurements of net cerebrospinal fluid flow through the cerebral aqueduct are confounded by respiration
Jolanda M. Spijkerman,Lennart J. Geurts,Jeroen C.W. Siero,Jeroen Hendrikse,Peter R. Luijten,Jaco J.M. Zwanenburg +5 more
TL;DR: Net cerebrospinal fluid flow through the cerebral aqueduct may serve as a marker of CSF production in the lateral ventricles, and changes that occur with aging and in disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of time-of-day on diffusivity measures of brain tissue derived from diffusion tensor imaging
Cibu Thomas,Neda Sadeghi,Amritha Nayak,Aaron Trefler,Joelle E. Sarlls,Chris I. Baker,Carlo Pierpaoli +6 more
TL;DR: The results show that Trace or mean diffusivity, as measured using the conventional monoexponential tensor model, tends to increase systematically from morning to afternoon scans, which provides important insight into the likely physiological origins of diurnal fluctuations in MRI measurements of structural properties of the brain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Glymphatic System as a Gateway to Connect Neurodegeneration From Periphery to CNS
Gianfranco Natale,Fiona Limanaqi,Carla L. Busceti,Federica Mastroiacovo,Ferdinando Nicoletti,Stefano Puglisi-Allegra,Francesco Fornai +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss recent findings and concepts on nervous lymphatic drainage and blood-brain barrier (BBB) in an attempt to understand how peripheral pathological conditions may be detrimental to the CNS, paving the way to neurodegeneration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Low-grade inflammation in the relationship between sleep disruption, dysfunctional adiposity, and cognitive decline in aging
TL;DR: Evidence is discussed here evidence supporting the potential mediating role of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation in the complex relationship between impaired sleep, dysfunctional adiposity, and cognitive decline through the common pathway of neuroinflammation.
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Challenges and Opportunities of Deferoxamine Delivery for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
Amy Corbin Farr,May P. Xiong +1 more
TL;DR: DFO is a strong drug candidate for managing neurodegeneration in the aging population, but before it can be routinely implemented as a therapeutic agent, dosing regimens must be standardized and brain DFO content following drug administration must be understood and controlled via novel formulations.
References
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