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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

The role of the basal ganglia in the control of seizure

TLDR
The preliminary results demonstrate the implication of the basal ganglia in two types of neocortical seizures and the necessity of studying the network to identify the important nodes implicated in the propagation and control of each type of seizure.
Abstract
Epilepsy is a network disorder and each type of seizure involves distinct cortical and subcortical network, differently implicated in the control and propagation of the ictal activity. The role of the basal ganglia has been revealed in several cases of focal and generalized seizures. Here, we review the data that show the implication of the basal ganglia in absence, temporal lobe, and neocortical seizures in animal models (rodent, cat, and non-human primate) and in human. Based on these results and the advancement of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease, basal ganglia neuromodulation has been tested with some success that can be equally seen as promising or disappointing. The effect of deep brain stimulation can be considered promising with a 76% in seizure reduction in temporal lobe epilepsy patients, but also disappointing, since only few patients have become seizure free and the antiepileptic effects have been highly variable among patients. This variability could probably be explained by the heterogeneity among the patients included in these clinical studies. To illustrate the importance of specific network identification, electrophysiological activity of the putamen and caudate nucleus has been recorded during penicillin-induced pre-frontal and motor seizures in one monkey. While an increase of the firing rate was found in putamen and caudate nucleus during pre-frontal seizures, only the activity of the putamen cells was increased during motor seizures. These preliminary results demonstrate the implication of the basal ganglia in two types of neocortical seizures and the necessity of studying the network to identify the important nodes implicated in the propagation and control of each type of seizure.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Disrupted basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops in focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures.

TL;DR: This work parameterized the functional organization of both the thalamocortical network and the basal ganglia-thalamus network with resting state functional MRI in patients with different focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure histories to explore the imprinting of secondary seizure generalization on the mesoscale brain network in temporal lobe epilepsy.
Posted ContentDOI

Disrupted basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops in focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures

TL;DR: These findings suggest that the broken balance between the basal ganglia inhibition and thalamus synchronization can inform the presence and effective control of focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures and may shed light on the development of new treatment strategies for patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
Journal ArticleDOI

The ictal signature of thalamus and basal ganglia in focal epilepsy: An SEEG study

TL;DR: Thalamic involvement during seizures is common in different seizure types and the degree of thalamic epileptogenicity is a possible marker of the epileptogenic network extension and of postsurgical prognosis.
Journal ArticleDOI

Defined neuronal populations drive fatal phenotype in a mouse model of Leigh syndrome.

TL;DR: Using a mouse model of LS lacking the mitochondrial complex I subunit Ndufs4, the critical role of genetically-defined neuronal populations in LS progression is dissected, providing novel insight in the cell type-specific contribution to the pathology.
Journal ArticleDOI

Bypassing the Blood–Brain Barrier: Direct Intracranial Drug Delivery in Epilepsies

TL;DR: Although an invasive procedure, bypassing the BBB by targeted intracranial drug delivery is an attractive approach to circumvent BBB-associated drug resistance mechanisms and to lower the risk of systemic and neurologic adverse effects.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Primate models of movement disorders of basal ganglia origin

TL;DR: This paper describes the changes in neuronal activity in the motor circuit in animal models of hypo- and hyperkinetic disorders and postulates specific disturbances within the basal ganglia-thalamocortical 'motor' circuit.
Book ChapterDOI

Basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits: parallel substrates for motor, oculomotor, "prefrontal" and "limbic" functions.

TL;DR: It now appears that at the level of the putamen such inputs remain segregated within the "motor" circuit, and it is difficult to imagine how such functional specificity could be maintained in the absence of strict topographic specificity within the sequential projections that comprise these two circuits.
Journal ArticleDOI

From motivation to action: functional interface between the limbic system and the motor system

TL;DR: It has been proposed that the nucleus accumbens is a key component of this neural interface since it receives inputs from limbic forebrain structures, either directly or indirectly via the ventral tegmental area of Tsai, and sends signals to the motor system via the globus pallidus.
Journal ArticleDOI

Electrical stimulation of the anterior nucleus of thalamus for treatment of refractory epilepsy

Robert S. Fisher, +141 more
- 01 May 2010 - 
TL;DR: A multicenter, double‐blind, randomized trial of bilateral stimulation of the anterior nuclei of the thalamus for localization‐related epilepsy is reported.
Journal ArticleDOI

The patterns of afferent innervation of the core and shell in the “Accumbens” part of the rat ventral striatum: Immunohistochemical detection of retrogradely transported fluoro‐gold

TL;DR: Immunohistochemical detection of retrogradely transported Fluoro‐Gold was carried out following iontophoretic injections intended to involve selectively one of the subterritories, revealing that a number of cortical afferents of the medial shell and core originate in separate areas.
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