The role of the basal ganglia in the control of seizure
TLDR
The preliminary results demonstrate the implication of the basal ganglia in two types of neocortical seizures and the necessity of studying the network to identify the important nodes implicated in the propagation and control of each type of seizure.Abstract:
Epilepsy is a network disorder and each type of seizure involves distinct cortical and subcortical network, differently implicated in the control and propagation of the ictal activity. The role of the basal ganglia has been revealed in several cases of focal and generalized seizures. Here, we review the data that show the implication of the basal ganglia in absence, temporal lobe, and neocortical seizures in animal models (rodent, cat, and non-human primate) and in human. Based on these results and the advancement of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease, basal ganglia neuromodulation has been tested with some success that can be equally seen as promising or disappointing. The effect of deep brain stimulation can be considered promising with a 76% in seizure reduction in temporal lobe epilepsy patients, but also disappointing, since only few patients have become seizure free and the antiepileptic effects have been highly variable among patients. This variability could probably be explained by the heterogeneity among the patients included in these clinical studies. To illustrate the importance of specific network identification, electrophysiological activity of the putamen and caudate nucleus has been recorded during penicillin-induced pre-frontal and motor seizures in one monkey. While an increase of the firing rate was found in putamen and caudate nucleus during pre-frontal seizures, only the activity of the putamen cells was increased during motor seizures. These preliminary results demonstrate the implication of the basal ganglia in two types of neocortical seizures and the necessity of studying the network to identify the important nodes implicated in the propagation and control of each type of seizure.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Disrupted basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops in focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures.
Xiaosong He,Ganne Chaitanya,Burcu Asma,Lorenzo Caciagli,Lorenzo Caciagli,Danielle S. Bassett,Joseph I. Tracy,Michael R. Sperling +7 more
TL;DR: This work parameterized the functional organization of both the thalamocortical network and the basal ganglia-thalamus network with resting state functional MRI in patients with different focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure histories to explore the imprinting of secondary seizure generalization on the mesoscale brain network in temporal lobe epilepsy.
Posted ContentDOI
Disrupted basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops in focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures
Xiaosong He,Ganne Chaitanya,Burcu Asma,Lorenzo Caciagli,Lorenzo Caciagli,Danielle S. Bassett,Danielle S. Bassett,Joseph I. Tracy,Michael R. Sperling +8 more
TL;DR: These findings suggest that the broken balance between the basal ganglia inhibition and thalamus synchronization can inform the presence and effective control of focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures and may shed light on the development of new treatment strategies for patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
Journal ArticleDOI
The ictal signature of thalamus and basal ganglia in focal epilepsy: An SEEG study
Francesca Pizzo,Nicolas Roehri,Bernard Giusiano,Stanislas Lagarde,Romain Carron,Didier Scavarda,Aileen McGonigal,Cristina Filipescu,Isabelle Lambert,Francesca Bonini,Agnès Trébuchon,Christian-George Bénar,Fabrice Bartolomei +12 more
TL;DR: Thalamic involvement during seizures is common in different seizure types and the degree of thalamic epileptogenicity is a possible marker of the epileptogenic network extension and of postsurgical prognosis.
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Bypassing the Blood–Brain Barrier: Direct Intracranial Drug Delivery in Epilepsies
Manuela Gernert,Malte Feja +1 more
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TL;DR: A multicenter, double‐blind, randomized trial of bilateral stimulation of the anterior nuclei of the thalamus for localization‐related epilepsy is reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
The patterns of afferent innervation of the core and shell in the “Accumbens” part of the rat ventral striatum: Immunohistochemical detection of retrogradely transported fluoro‐gold
TL;DR: Immunohistochemical detection of retrogradely transported Fluoro‐Gold was carried out following iontophoretic injections intended to involve selectively one of the subterritories, revealing that a number of cortical afferents of the medial shell and core originate in separate areas.