Thematic review series: glycerolipids. DGAT enzymes and triacylglycerol biosynthesis.
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TLDR
The genes encoding two DGAT enzymes, DGAT1 and DGAT2, were identified in the past decade, and the use of molecular tools, including mice deficient in either enzyme, has shed light on their functions.About:
This article is published in Journal of Lipid Research.The article was published on 2008-11-01 and is currently open access. It has received 891 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Isozyme.read more
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Acyl-Lipid Metabolism
Younghua Li-Beisson,Basil S. Shorrosh,Fred Beisson,Mats X. Andersson,Vincent Arondel,Philip D. Bates,Sébastien Baud,David Bird,Debono Allan George,Timothy P. Durrett,Rochus Franke,Ian A. Graham,Kenta Katayama,Amélie A. Kelly,Tony R. Larson,Jonathan E. Markham,Martine Miquel,Isabel Molina,Ikuo Nishida,Owen Rowland,Lacey Samuels,Katherine M. Schmid,Hajime Wada,Ruth Welti,Changcheng Xu,Rémi Zallot,John B. Ohlrogge +26 more
TL;DR: This chapter focuses on the metabolic pathways that are associated with the biosynthesis and degradation of the acyl lipids that represent their major form of carbon and energy storage in Arabidopsis.
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Dynamics and functions of lipid droplets
James A. Olzmann,Pedro Carvalho +1 more
TL;DR: Lipid droplet biogenesis and degradation, as well as their interactions with other organelles, are tightly coupled to cellular metabolism and are critical to buffer the levels of toxic lipid species.
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Hepatic lipotoxicity and the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: The central role of nontriglyceride fatty acid metabolites
TL;DR: The lipotoxic liver injury hypothesis for the pathogenesis of NASH suggests that the authors need to focus therapeutic efforts on reducing the burden of fatty acids going to the liver or being synthesized in the liver by improving insulin sensitivity at the level of adipose tissue to prevent inappropriate peripheral lipolysis.
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Lipid Droplets Finally Get a Little R-E-S-P-E-C-T
TL;DR: Long underappreciated as important cellular organelles, lipid droplets are finally being recognized as dynamic structures with a complex and interesting biology.
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Intestinal lipid absorption
TL;DR: This work has identified several new mechanisms by which lipids are taken up by enterocytes and packaged as chylomicrons for export into the lymphatic system or clarified the actions of mechanisms previously known to participate in these processes.
References
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9-cis retinoic acid is a high affinity ligand for the retinoid X receptor
Richard A. Heyman,David J. Mangelsdorf,Jacqueline A. Dyck,Jacqueline A. Dyck,Robert B. Stein,Gregor Eichele,Ronald M. Evans,Ronald M. Evans,Christina Thaller +8 more
TL;DR: An experimental approach is reported that has identified 9-cis RA as an RXR ligand, up to 40-fold more potent than all-trans RA in transfection assays and binds with high affinity.
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Triglyceride accumulation protects against fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity
Laura L. Listenberger,Xianlin Han,Sarah Lewis,Sylvaine Cases,Robert V. Farese,Daniel S. Ory,Jean E. Schaffer +6 more
TL;DR: This work demonstrates in cultured cells that the relative toxicity of two common dietary long chain fatty acids is related to channeling of these lipids to distinct cellular metabolic fates, and supports a model of cellular lipid metabolism in which unsaturated fatty acids serve a protective function against lipotoxicity though promotion of triglyceride accumulation.
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TL;DR: This chapter discusses the physical properties and functional Roles of Lipids in Membranes, as well as the Dynamics of Lipoprotein Transport in the Circulatory System.