Transcriptional regulation of plant cell wall degradation by filamentous fungi
TLDR
This review summarises the current knowledge on the transcriptional regulation, focusing on the recently characterized transcription factors that regulate genes coding for enzymes involved in the breakdown of plant cell wall biopolymers.Abstract:
Plant cell wall consists mainly of the large biopolymers cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and pectin. These biopolymers are degraded by many microorganisms, in particular filamentous fungi, with the aid of extracellular enzymes. Filamentous fungi have a key role in degradation of the most abundant biopolymers found in nature, cellulose and hemicelluloses, and therefore are essential for the maintenance of the global carbon cycle. The production of plant cell wall degrading enzymes, cellulases, hemicellulases, ligninases and pectinases, is regulated mainly at the transcriptional level in filamentous fungi. The genes are induced in the presence of the polymers or molecules derived from the polymers and repressed under growth conditions where the production of these enzymes is not necessary, such as on glucose. The expression of the genes encoding the enzymes is regulated by various environmental and cellular factors, some of which are common while others are more unique to either a certain fungus or a class of enzymes. This review summarises our current knowledge on the transcriptional regulation, focusing on the recently characterized transcription factors that regulate genes coding for enzymes involved in the breakdown of plant cell wall biopolymers.read more
Citations
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Advancement and comparative profiles in the production technologies using solid-state and submerged fermentation for microbial cellulases
TL;DR: This review deals with developments in bioprocess technologies, solid-state and submerged fermentation as well as on the strategies adopted for improving cellulase production or properties, including engineering the genes or designing enzyme cocktails.
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Comparative analysis of fungal genomes reveals different plant cell wall degrading capacity in fungi.
TL;DR: Analysis of the gene expression profile of the wheat scab fungus Fusarium graminearum revealed that most of the CAZyme genes related to cell wall degradation were up-regulated during plant infection, and showed that plant pathogenic fungi have the highest number of CAZymes.
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Microbial cellulases ─ Production, applications and challenges
TL;DR: The review discusses the current knowledge on cellulase production by microorganisms and the genetic controls exercised on it and the challenges in cellulase research especially in the direction of improving the process economics of enzyme production.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fractional purification and bioconversion of hemicelluloses.
TL;DR: Current isolation and purification strategies are summarized, and the bioconversion of hemicelluloses including pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation are discussed.
Economics and environmental impact of bioethanol production technologies: an appraisal
Anuj Kumar Ch,Eng Seng Chan,Ravinder Rudravaram,M. Lakshmi Narasu,L. Venkateswar Rao,Pogaku Ravindra +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a broad overview on current status of bioethanol production technologies in terms of their economic and environmental viability is provided, which includes pretreatment of biomass, the use of cellulolytic enzymes for depolymerisation of carbohydrate polymers into fermentable constituents and the robust fermentative microorganisms for ethanol production.
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