Journal ArticleDOI
Tremelimumab as second-line or third-line treatment in relapsed malignant mesothelioma (DETERMINE): a multicentre, international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial.
Michele Maio,Arnaud Scherpereel,Luana Calabrò,Joachim G.J.V. Aerts,Susana Cedres Perez,Alessandra Bearz,Kristiaan Nackaerts,Dean A. Fennell,Dariusz M. Kowalski,Anne S. Tsao,Paul D. Taylor,Federica Grosso,Scott J. Antonia,Anna K. Nowak,Anna K. Nowak,Maria Taboada,Martina Puglisi,Paul K. Stockman,Hedy L. Kindler +18 more
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TLDR
The DETERMINE study investigated the effects of the cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) monoclonal antibody tremelimumab in patients with previously treated advanced malignant mesothelioma and overall survival was overall survival in the intention-to-treat population.Abstract:
Summary Background New therapeutic strategies for malignant mesothelioma are urgently needed. In the DETERMINE study, we investigated the effects of the cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) monoclonal antibody tremelimumab in patients with previously treated advanced malignant mesothelioma. Methods DETERMINE was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial done at 105 study centres across 19 countries in patients with unresectable pleural or peritoneal malignant mesothelioma who had progressed after one or two previous systemic treatments for advanced disease. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 and measurable disease as defined in the modified Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.0 for pleural mesothelioma or RECIST version 1.1 for peritoneal mesothelioma. Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) in blocks of three, stratified by European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer status (low risk vs high risk), line of therapy (second line vs third line), and anatomic site (pleural vs peritoneal), by use of an interactive voice or web system, to receive intravenous tremelimumab (10 mg/kg) or placebo every 4 weeks for 7 doses and every 12 weeks thereafter until a treatment discontinuation criterion was met. The primary endpoint was overall survival in the intention-to-treat population. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of study drug. The trial is ongoing but no longer recruiting participants, and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01843374. Findings Between May 17, 2013, and Dec 4, 2014, 571 patients were randomly assigned to receive tremelimumab (n=382) or placebo (n=189), of whom 569 patients received treatment (two patients in the tremelimumab group were excluded from the safety population because they did not receive treatment). At the data cutoff date (Jan 24, 2016), 307 (80%) of 382 patients had died in the tremelimumab group and 154 (81%) of 189 patients had died in the placebo group. Median overall survival in the intention-to-treat population did not differ between the treatment groups: 7·7 months (95% CI 6·8–8·9) in the tremelimumab group and 7·3 months (5·9–8·7) in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·92 [95% CI 0·76–1·12], p=0·41). Treatment-emergent adverse events of grade 3 or worse occurred in 246 (65%) of 380 patients in the tremelimumab group and 91 (48%) of 189 patients in the placebo group; the most common were dyspnoea (34 [9%] patients in the tremelimumab group vs 27 [14%] patients in the placebo group), diarrhoea (58 [15%] vs one [ vs none). The most common serious adverse events were diarrhoea (69 [18%] patients in the tremelimumab group vs one [ vs 24 [13%]), and colitis (24 [6%] vs none). Treatment-emergent events leading to death occurred in 36 (9%) of 380 patients in the tremelimumab group and 12 (6%) of 189 in the placebo group; those leading to the death of more than one patient were mesothelioma (three [1%] patients in the tremelimumab group vs two [1%] in the placebo group), dyspnoea (three [1%] vs two [1%]); respiratory failure (one [ vs three [2%]), myocardial infarction (three [1%] vs none), lung infection (three [1%] patients vs none), cardiac failure (one [ vs one [ vs none). Treatment-related adverse events leading to death occurred in five (1%) patients in the tremelimumab group and none in the placebo group. The causes of death were lung infection in one patient, intestinal perforation and small intestinal obstruction in one patient; colitis in two patients, and neuritis and skin ulcer in one patient. Interpretation Tremelimumab did not significantly prolong overall survival compared with placebo in patients with previously treated malignant mesothelioma. The safety profile of tremelimumab was consistent with the known safety profile of CTLA-4 inhibitors. Investigations into whether immunotherapy combination regimens can provide greater efficacy than monotherapies in malignant mesothelioma are ongoing. Funding AstraZeneca.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Immune checkpoint therapy of mesothelioma: Pre-clinical bases and clinical evidences
Luana Calabrò,Giovanni Luca Ceresoli,Armida D'Incecco,Arnaud Scherpereel,Joachim G.J.V. Aerts,Michele Maio +5 more
TL;DR: The impact of this promising approach in malignant mesothelioma, a still dreadful disease in which medical treatment has been set on platinum based chemotherapy for decades with unsatisfactory results, is discussed.
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Differential risks of immune-related colitis among various immune checkpoint inhibitor regimens.
TL;DR: It is indicated that CTLA-4 inhibitor is associated with a higher risk of colitis compared with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor, whether used as a monotherapy or combination immunotherapy.
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The Anticancer Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors According to Patients' Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Chiara Ciccarese,Chiara Ciccarese,Roberto Iacovelli,Roberto Iacovelli,Emilio Bria,Emilio Bria,Antonella Palazzo,Brigida Anna Maiorano,Claudia Mosillo,Carmine Carbone,Geny Piro,Giampaolo Tortora,Giampaolo Tortora +12 more
TL;DR: In conclusion, ICIs (as monotherapy or combinations) significantly improved OS compared with SOC in both young and elderly patients with advanced cancers, regardless of the tumor type.
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Immune Microenvironment and Genetics in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the evidence surrounding the interplay between MPM genetics, including epigenetics and transcriptomics, and the immune response and found that only a small subset of MPM patients respond to checkpoint inhibition, and this response has varied and unpredictable across several clinical trials.
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The Role of Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
TL;DR: In this paper, the first-line efficacy of combination ipilimumab/nivolumab treatment was evaluated in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MP) patients.
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TL;DR: This paper is an overview of the new response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1. 1), with a focus on updated contents.
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