Journal ArticleDOI
Tumour-associated mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: emerging therapeutic targets
TLDR
Recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenic role of TA-MSCs in regulating the survival, proliferation, migration and drug resistance of tumour cells, as well as the influence of MSCs on the immune status of the tumour microenvironment are discussed.Abstract:
Mesenchymal stem cells, also known as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), exist in many tissues and are known to actively migrate to sites of tissue injury, where they participate in wound repair. Tumours can be considered "wounds that never heal" and, in response to cues from a tumour, MSCs are continuously recruited to and become integral components of the tumour microenvironment. Recently, it has become apparent that such tumour-associated MSCs (TA-MSCs) have an active role in tumour initiation, promotion, progression and metastasis. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenic role of TA-MSCs in regulating the survival, proliferation, migration and drug resistance of tumour cells, as well as the influence of MSCs on the immune status of the tumour microenvironment. Moreover, we discuss therapeutic approaches that target TA-MSC upstream or downstream modulators or use MSCs as vehicles for the delivery of tumoricidal agents. It is anticipated that new insights into the functions of TA-MSCs will lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies against tumours.read more
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Turning foes to friends: targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts
Xueman Chen,Erwei Song +1 more
TL;DR: The progress made to date and the remaining challenges in bringing CAF-targeted therapies to the clinic are highlighted and the relevant translational advances and potential therapeutic strategies that target CAFs for cancer treatment are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immunoregulatory mechanisms of mesenchymal stem and stromal cells in inflammatory diseases.
TL;DR: Current understanding of the immunomodulatory mechanisms of MSCs and issues related to their therapeutic application are discussed, which suggest the plasticity of immunoregulation by M SCs is controlled by the intensity and complexity of inflammatory stimuli.
Journal Article
Species Variation in the Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Immunosuppression
TL;DR: In this paper, the mechanism of MSC-mediated immunosuppression varies among different species, and the expression of IDO and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were examined in human and mouse MSCs after stimulation with their respective inflammatory cytokines.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immunomodulation by Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs): Mechanisms of Action of Living, Apoptotic, and Dead MSCs.
TL;DR: Current knowledge on cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in MSC-mediated immunomodulation are reviewed and focus on the viability of MSCs, as there is still uncertainty concerning the tumorigenic potential of living M SCs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment: new findings and future perspectives.
Xiaoqi Mao,Jin Xu,Wei Wang,Chen Liang,Jie Hua,Jiang Liu,Bo Zhang,Qingcai Meng,Xianjun Yu,Si Shi +9 more
TL;DR: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a stromal cell population with cell-of-origin, phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, are the most essential components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Through multiple pathways, activated CAFs can promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, along with extracellular matrix remodeling and even chemoresistance.
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer
TL;DR: The principal mechanisms that govern the effects of inflammation and immunity on tumor development are outlined and attractive new targets for cancer therapy and prevention are discussed.