Variant histone H2A.Z is globally localized to the promoters of inactive yeast genes and regulates nucleosome positioning.
Benoit Guillemette,Alain R. Bataille,Nicolas Gévry,Maryse Adam,Mathieu Blanchette,François Robert,Luc Gaudreau +6 more
TLDR
The data suggest that the incorporation of H2A.Z into specific promoter-bound nucleosomes configures chromatin structure to poise genes for transcriptional activation, and the relevance of these findings to higher eukaryotes is discussed.Abstract:
H2A.Z is an evolutionary conserved histone variant involved in transcriptional regulation, antisilencing, silencing, and genome stability. The mechanism(s) by which H2A.Z regulates these various biological functions remains poorly defined, in part due to the lack of knowledge regarding its physical location along chromosomes and the bearing it has in regulating chromatin structure. Here we mapped H2A.Z across the yeast genome at an approximately 300-bp resolution, using chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with tiling microarrays. We have identified 4,862 small regions—typically one or two nucleosomes wide—decorated with H2A.Z. Those “Z loci” are predominantly found within specific nucleosomes in the promoter of inactive genes all across the genome. Furthermore, we have shown that H2A.Z can regulate nucleosome positioning at the GAL1 promoter. Within HZAD domains, the regions where H2A.Z shows an antisilencing function, H2A.Z is localized in a wider pattern, suggesting that the variant histone regulates a silencing and transcriptional activation via different mechanisms. Our data suggest that the incorporation of H2A.Z into specific promoter-bound nucleosomes configures chromatin structure to poise genes for transcriptional activation. The relevance of these findings to higher eukaryotes is discussed.read more
Citations
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The Role of Chromatin during Transcription
TL;DR: This Review highlights advances in the understanding of chromatin regulation and discusses how such regulation affects the binding of transcription factors as well as the initiation and elongation steps of transcription.
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The Genomic Code for Nucleosome Positioning
TL;DR: In this article, a nucleosome-DNA interaction model was proposed to predict the genome-wide organization of nucleosomes, and it was shown that genomes encode an intrinsic nucleosomal organization and that this intrinsic organization can explain ∼50% of the in-vivo positions.
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A genomic code for nucleosome positioning
Eran Segal,Yvonne N. Fondufe-Mittendorf,Lingyi Chen,Annchristine Thåström,Yair Field,Irene K. Moore,Ji Ping Wang,Jonathan Widom +7 more
TL;DR: This work isolated nucleosome-bound sequences at high resolution from yeast and used these sequences in a new computational approach to construct and validate experimentally a nucleosom–DNA interaction model, and to predict the genome-wide organization of nucleosomes.
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Dynamic Regulation of Nucleosome Positioning in the Human Genome
Dustin E. Schones,Kairong Cui,Suresh Cuddapah,Tae-Young Roh,Artem Barski,Zhibin Wang,Gang Wei,Keji Zhao +7 more
TL;DR: It is found that nucleosome phasing relative to the transcription start sites is directly correlated to RNA polymerase II (Pol II) binding and the first nucleosomes downstream of a start site exhibits differential positioning in active and silent genes.
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Nucleosome positioning and gene regulation: advances through genomics
Cizhong Jiang,B. Franklin Pugh +1 more
TL;DR: What high-resolution genome-wide maps of nucleosomes positions have taught us about how nucleosome positioning demarcates promoter regions and transcriptional start sites and how the composition and structure of promoter nucleosites facilitate or inhibit transcription is discussed.
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