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These molecular architectures provide a basis for the building blocks of molecular transistors.
Thus, this device is promising for highly scaled transistors.
Such extremely low off-state current characteristics show promise for new applications of IGZO transistors in memories.
Our results provide clues to better understand oxide transistors and to optimize their performance.
These results are especially important for new generations of power switching transistors.
These values are the best ones ever reported for GaN-based normally-off transistors
These are the highest values ever reported for organic transistors.
This work highlights and reduces the knowledge gaps in the electro-thermal simulation of transistors.

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How to get reference?
5 answers
To obtain a reference signal, various methods can be employed based on the specific application. One approach involves generating a first sequence using position offset information to demodulate control channel signals for downlink control information. Another method includes utilizing a reference signal generator circuit with temperature-compensated voltage references and bias current sources to adjust current densities in transistors for stable output signals. Additionally, a technique for generating a reference signal entails creating digital signals from CTAT and PTAT voltages to control device conductivity and drive current through specific components. Moreover, a method for operating User Equipment involves transmitting or receiving a reference signal derived from a base sequence concatenated multiple times to form the final sequence for communication purposes.
How change in column temprature in hplc affect the saparation?
5 answers
Changes in column temperature in HPLC can significantly impact separation efficiency and various chromatographic parameters. Elevated temperatures can reduce retention times, increasing throughput and lowering running costs. Temperature variations affect solvent viscosity, solute diffusion rates, and the equilibrium constants of solvents and solutes, influencing retention mechanisms. The van't Hoff equation parameters, ΔS0 and ΔH0, are affected by temperature changes, requiring correction for accurate chromatographic mechanism elucidation. High-temperature HPLC can enhance the separation of pharmaceutical compounds, with temperature adjustments impacting selectivity, efficiency, and peak shape. Overall, column temperature adjustments play a crucial role in optimizing separations, especially when considering the balance between enthalpy and entropy effects on retention mechanisms.
What is the name of the radioactive source Nr ?
5 answers
The radioactive source Nr is Th-228, which efficiently emanates Rn-220, a noble gas that can diffuse in a detector volume, producing alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. This source is characterized by its ability to calibrate detector responses and features before decaying completely in a few days. Additionally, the source has been tested to limit the release of other long-lived isotopes, with emanation rates of <0.008 atoms/min/kBq for Th-228 and 1.53 atoms/min/kBq for Ra-224. This source is particularly suitable for calibrating detectors using liquid noble elements like argon and xenon, with filters proving highly efficient in reducing the activity of longer-lived isotopes, making it suitable for next-generation experiments such as XENON1T/XENONnT, LZ, and nEXO.
What is stainless steel?
5 answers
Stainless steel is an alloy steel known for its corrosion-resistant properties, forming a protective chromium oxide layer on its surface. It is widely used in various applications, including medical implants due to its corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Different compositions of stainless steel exist, such as one with specific percentages of carbon, silicon, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, and nitrogen. Additionally, innovative variations of stainless steel may include elements like calcium, silicon, carbon, titanium, aluminum, potassium, and sodium to enhance corrosion resistance and wear properties. Overall, stainless steel is a versatile material with diverse compositions tailored for specific applications, offering durability and protection against corrosion in various environments.
Is solid oxide perovskite has bcc structure or fcc structure?
5 answers
Solid oxide perovskites typically exhibit a cubic structure, specifically a perovskite structure with a cubic symmetry. The perovskite oxide Ba0.95La0.05Fe0.85Cu0.15O3-δ (BLFC) was found to form a cubic symmetry perovskite oxide with space group Pm 3 ¯ m. Similarly, the symmetric solid oxide fuel cell described in one study had an anode and cathode with a perovskite structure. Additionally, investigations into high entropy single-phase perovskites using solid-state sintering revealed the formation of a cubic structure in the BaO–SrO–CaO–MgO–PbO–TiO2 oxide system. Therefore, solid oxide perovskites are characterized by a cubic perovskite structure rather than a body-centered cubic (bcc) or face-centered cubic (fcc) structure.
How does nonstoichiometry affect the optical property in the case of molybdenum suboxides?
4 answers
Nonstoichiometry significantly influences the optical properties of molybdenum suboxides. Studies have shown that the reduction in water and formic acid during the synthesis process leads to the formation of MoO3-x nanosheets with altered optical properties. Additionally, the thermal stability and decomposition behavior of Mo9O26 and Mo4O11 have been investigated, highlighting the transition to MoOx ceramics with varying optical characteristics and electrical resistivity. Furthermore, the control of oxygen vacancies and crystallinity in non-stoichiometric MoOx films plays a crucial role in enhancing opto-electronic performance, with potential applications in perovskite solar cells and novel detectors. The presence of oxygen vacancies in substoichiometric MoO3-x nanodots has been linked to near-infrared absorption peaks, indicating polaronic transitions influenced by the dispersion solvent, suggesting a complex interplay between defects and optical properties.
What is the grid system in bootstrap?
5 answers
The grid system in Bootstrap is a fundamental feature that simplifies the layout structuring of web pages. It allows developers to create responsive designs by dividing the page into rows and columns, making it easier to align and position elements effectively on different screen sizes. Additionally, the grid system provides flexibility in adjusting the layout based on the device being used, ensuring a consistent user experience across various platforms. In the context of wind energy conversion systems, a bootstrap converter is utilized to enhance the voltage transformation ratio, enabling efficient energy conversion and integration with the grid. Moreover, the implementation of a grid bootstrap technique is proposed for constructing confidence intervals in continuous-time models, showcasing its versatility beyond web development.
How does raw material of retinomorphic sensor influence the performance?
5 answers
The raw material used in retinomorphic sensors significantly influences their performance. Different materials exhibit unique properties that impact sensor functionality. For instance, photosensitive materials like tantalum, cadmium sulfide, and selenium powder can reduce resistance linearly with increasing ultraviolet intensity, providing high sensitivity and quick response in sensors. Hybrid perovskite-based flexible photoreceptors, composed of perovskites and ferroelectric terpolymer, mimic the behavior of human rod cells, changing capacitance with light intensity to develop efficient artificial retina networks. Additionally, metal halide perovskite-based capacitors can produce voltage spikes in response to light changes, optimizing sensor use with spiking neuromorphic processors. Therefore, the choice of raw material is crucial in determining the sensitivity, response time, and overall performance of retinomorphic sensors.
What size of crystalline admixtures?
5 answers
Crystalline admixtures (CAs) used in concrete construction typically consist of particles that are not fully crystalline, falling within the nanocrystal or nanoparticle size range of 1 to 100 nm. These particles exhibit unique physiochemical properties due to the quantum size effect, distinguishing them from bulk counterparts. The nanocrystals' intermediate size between molecules and bulk solids allows for a high surface area per unit volume, with a significant percentage of atoms located on the surface. This characteristic contributes to their exceptional properties, such as increased chemical potential and reactivity, making them valuable in enhancing the durability and self-healing capabilities of concrete structures exposed to harsh environments. The nanoscale nature of CAs enables them to effectively reduce permeability, improve resistance to aggressive substances, and promote crack sealing and mechanical property recovery in cementitious composites over time.
What does id to ig ratio mean microraman Graphene-Oxide?
5 answers
The ID/IG ratio in MicroRaman spectroscopy of materials like Graphene-Oxide serves as a crucial indicator of structural characteristics. This ratio is often utilized to estimate the number and size of sp2 clusters in diamond-like carbon films. In the case of amorphous carbon coatings, the ID/IG ratio is inversely proportional to the sp3 fraction, indicating a relationship between the two. Furthermore, in hydrogenated diamond-like carbon films, the ID/IG ratio from Raman spectra correlates with the sp2/sp3 ratio from XPS spectra, especially with increasing disorder during annealing processes. Therefore, the ID/IG ratio in MicroRaman analysis of Graphene-Oxide can provide insights into the structural composition and disorder within the material, reflecting changes in sp2/sp3 bonding ratios and graphitization levels.
What is the tattoo sensors?
5 answers
Tattoo sensors are innovative wearable devices that can be directly applied to the skin without causing discomfort or interference with the user's sense of touch. These sensors utilize materials like reduced graphene oxide (rGO), graphene, and fluorescent dyesto detect various stimuli such as tactile pressure, physiological signals (e.g., EEG, ECG), and electrolyte concentrations. They are ultra-thin, conformable to skin textures, and breathable, ensuring long-term wear without adhesive. Dermal tattoo biosensors can detect biomarkers like pH, glucose, uric acid, and albumin in body fluids, offering minimally invasive and multiplexed health monitoring capabilities. These sensors can be applied in point-of-care settings for continuous hydration status assessment and disease management, providing valuable insights for personalized healthcare.