Showing papers on "Current sensor published in 2015"

Surgical stapling instrument system

Abstract: A surgical system can include an electric motor, a sensor and a microcontroller in signal communication with the electric motor and the sensor. In various instances, the microcontroller can adjust the velocity of a firing element when the sensor detects a change in current drawn by the electric motor that exceeds a threshold amount.

Speed and Current Sensor Fault Detection and Isolation Technique for Induction Motor Drive Using Axes Transformation

Abstract: This paper presents a new technique for fault detection and isolation to make the traditional vector-controlled induction motor (IM) drive fault tolerant against current and speed sensor failure. The proposed current estimation uses d- and q-axes currents and is independent of the switching states of the three-leg inverter. While the technique introduces a new concept of vector rotation to generate potential estimates of the currents, speed is estimated by one of the available model reference adaptive system (MRAS) based formulations. A logic-based decision mechanism selects the right estimate and reconfigures the system (by rejecting the signal from the faulty sensors). Such algorithm is suitable for different drives, including electric vehicles to avoid complete shutdown of the system, in case of sensor failure. The proposed method is extensively simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and experimentally validated through a dSPACE-1104-based laboratory prototype.

Detection of geomagnetically-induced currents with power line-mounted devices

Abstract: A device for use in a power transmission system to sense GICs. The device may be a part of a reactance-injecting device on a power line, it may be a standalone device, or it may be a part of another type of device. The device may include a sensor to sense magnetic fields (e.g., a Hall effect sensor). The sensor may be positioned in the air gap of a magnetic core formed concentrically around the power line. The signal from the sensor may be converted to a digital signal and separately processed to determine the magnitude of the AC current and the magnitude of the DC (or quasi-DC) current. If the output signal of another A/C current sensor is available, that output signal may be used to adjust/calibrate the determined magnitude of the DC current. The sensor may communicate with other devices in a network to provide GIC information.

Gum Sensor: A Stretchable, Wearable, and Foldable Sensor Based on Carbon Nanotube/Chewing Gum Membrane

Abstract: Presented in this work is a novel and facile approach to fabricate an elastic, attachable, and cost-efficient carbon nanotube (CNT)-based strain gauge which can be efficiently used as bodily motion sensors. An innovative and unique method is introduced to align CNTs without external excitations or any complicated procedure. In this design, CNTs are aligned and distributed uniformly on the entire chewing gum by multiple stretching and folding technique. The current sensor is demonstrated to be a linear strain sensor for at least strains up to 200% and can detect strains as high as 530% with a high sensitivity ranging from 12 to 25 and high durability. The gum sensor has been used as bodily motion sensors, and outstanding results are achieved; the sensitivity is quite high, capable of tracing slow breathing. Since the gum sensor can be patterned into various forms, it has wide applications in miniaturized sensors and biochips. Interestingly, we revealed that our gum sensor has the ability to monitor humidit...

Phase Current Reconstruction of Switched Reluctance Motors From DC-Link Current Under Double High-Frequency Pulses Injection

Abstract: Switched reluctance motors (SRMs) have been considered as low-cost machines for electric vehicle (EV) and hybrid EV applications However, the current sensors used in the system will not only increase the cost and volume but also degrade the running reliability of the motor drives Conventionally, the current sensors are used in each phase winding individually to obtain these phase currents To reduce the number of current sensors, a four-phase 8/6-pole SRM is applied to analyze the working states, and a novel phase current reconstruction method from the dc-link current employing double high-frequency pulses injection is then proposed Two kinds of high-frequency pulses with large duty cycles and phase shift are injected to the down switches in each phase, respectively, when the phase currents are overlapped in the turn-on region, and the dc-link current is decomposed to reconstruct phase currents in both current chopping control system and single pulse control system The transient performance in a closed-loop system based on the phase current reconstruction scheme is investigated The proposed method uses only one current sensor in the dc link and requires no additional circuits The simulation and experimental results are presented to confirm the implementation of the proposed method

Design of a high-bandwidth Rogowski current sensor for gate-drive shortcircuit protection of 1.7 kV SiC MOSFET power modules

Abstract: This presents a PCB-based Rogowski current sensor design for the purpose of shortcircuit protection for 1.7 kV SiC MOSFET modules. Firstly, the paper shows that using the DeSat protection method for SiC MOSFET protection is not as effective as that in conventional IGBT applications. Therefore, a direct measurement of device switching current is proposed to achieve shortcircuit protection. The Rogowski-coil-based current sensor is selected among several high-bandwidth candidates for its better overall performance. Then the PCB-based Rogowski coil and its signal processing circuit design are shown in the paper. Finally, experimental results validate that the designed sensor has good performance in both accuracy and bandwidth when compared to a commercial Rogowki probe.

Saliency-Based Position Estimation of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines Using Square-Wave Voltage Injection With a Single Current Sensor

Abstract: This paper presents a saliency-based position sensorless drive of permanent-magnet (PM) machines using a single current sensor for cost-effective applications. For the single current sensor system, the dc-link current is measured for the reconstruction of three-phase currents. The phase current reconstruction can only be realized when active voltages are applied. This limitation results in six immeasurable areas for the current reconstruction using the pulsewidth modulation. In order to implement the saliency-based sensorless drive, a square-wave voltage is injected to minimize the harmonics of reconstructed saliency current for the rotor position estimation. By injecting a square-wave voltage on the direction of the rotor $d$ -axis, the injection voltage vector is nearly perpendicular to the fundamental voltage vector at low speed. The saliency reflected current or the fundamental current can be separately reconstructed by the dc-link current, leading to the reduced reconstruction errors and improved sensorless performance. By using the proposed signal injection technique on a single sensor system, the saliency-based sensorless drive can work on an interior PM machine with a salient ratio of $L_{q}/L_{d} = 1.35$ at 1% rated speed (60/6000 r/min) under full torque load based on the experimental evaluation.

Sensitive detection of formaldehyde using an interband cascade laser near 3.6 μm

Abstract: We report the development of a formaldehyde (H2CO) trace gas sensor using a continuous wave (CW), thermoelectrically-cooled (TEC), distributed-feedback interband cascade laser (DFB-ICL) at 36 μm Wavelength modulation spectroscopy was used to detect the second harmonic spectra of a strong H2CO absorption feature centered at 27785 cm−1 (3599 nm) in its v1 fundamental vibrational band A compact and novel multipass cell (76-cm physical length and 32-ml sampling volume) was implemented to achieve an effective optical path length of 375 m A minimum detection limit of 6 parts per billion (ppb) at an optimum gas pressure of 200 torr was achieved with a 1-s data acquisition time An Allan-Werle deviation analysis was performed to investigate the long-term stability of the sensor system and a 15 ppb minimum detectable concentration could be achieved by averaging up to 140 s Absorption interference effects from atmospheric H2O (2%) and CH4 (5 ppm) were also analyzed in this work and proved to be insignificant for the current sensor configuration

A Highly Digital VCO-Based ADC Architecture for Current Sensing Applications

Abstract: This paper presents a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) based current to digital converter for sensor readout applications. Second order noise shaping of the quantization error is achieved by using implicit capacitance of the sensor to realize a passive integrator and a VCO-based quantizer. The non-linearity in voltage to frequency conversion of the VCO is tackled by placing the VCO in a loop consisting of a simple digital IIR filter and a passive integrator. The IIR filter provides large gain within the signal bandwidth and suppresses VCO input swing. As a result, non-linearity of the VCO is not exercised, thus greatly improving the proposed architecture's immunity to VCO nonlinearity. The use of a digital filter instead of an analog loop filter eases the design and makes it scaling friendly. Designed for an ambient light sensor application, the proposed circuit achieves 900 pA accuracy over an input current range of 4 $\mu$ A. Fabricated in a 0.18 $\mu$ m CMOS process, the readout circuit consumes a total of 77.8 $\mu$ A current, and occupies an active area of 0.36 mm $^2$ .

Energy Feed-Forward and Direct Feed-Forward Control for Solid-State Transformer

Abstract: There is large voltage deviation on the dc bus of the three-stage solid-state transformer (SST) when the load suddenly changes. The feed-forward control can effectively reduce the voltage deviation and transition time. However, conventional power feed-forward scheme of SST cannot develop the feed-forward control to the full without extra current sensor. In this letter, an energy feed-forward scheme, which takes the energy changes of inductors into consideration, is proposed for the dual active bridge (DAB) controller. A direct feed-forward scheme, which directly passes the power of DAB converter to the rectifier stage, is proposed for the rectifier controller. They can further improve the dynamic performances of the two dc bus voltages, respectively. The experimental results in a 2-kW SST prototype are provided to verify the proposed feed-forward schemes and show the superior performances.

Power conversion device

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power conversion device capable of cutting off short-circuit currents by determining whether or not an overheat state is generated on the basis of the detection value of the short-circuit currents and a duration time when the short-circuit currents are flowing.SOLUTION: The power conversion device includes: a power conversion part 4 for converting DC power to be output by a power generation part 2; a control part 7 for controlling the converting operation of the power conversion part 4; a breaker 21 for cutting off a DC electrical path between the power generation part 2 and the power conversion part 4; and a current sensor 20 for detecting a current value flowing through the DC electrical path. The breaker 21 is configured as a breaker with an external trip function for performing automatic cutoff operation when receiving a shunt trip signal from the control part 7, and the control part 7 includes a timer which measures a time, and transmits the shunt trip signal to the breaker 21 on the basis of the detection current value of the current sensor 20 and the time measured by the timer when the converting operation is stopped.

Sensor Fault-Resilient Control of Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives

Abstract: In a conventional ac motor drive using field-oriented control, a dc-link voltage, speed, and at least two current sensors are required Hence, in the event of sensor failure, the performance of the drive system can be severely compromised This paper presents a sensor fault-tolerant control strategy for interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives Three independent observers are proposed to estimate the speed, dc-link voltage, and currents of the machine If a sensor fault is detected, the drive system isolates the faulty sensor while retaining the remaining functional ones The signal is then acquired from the corresponding observer in order to maintain the operation of the drive system The experimental results provided verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach

Organic light-emitting display device and method of driving the same

Abstract: An organic light-emitting display device includes: a display panel comprising a plurality of pixels, wherein each of the plurality of pixels comprises an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) configured to emit light of one color from among a plurality of colors comprising red, green, and blue; a degradation determiner configured to determine a degree of degradation of the OLED from a value of accumulated image data that is input to each of the plurality of pixels; a current sensor configured to apply a sensing voltage to the OLED and to measure a current corresponding to the sensing voltage; and a degradation calculator configured to calculate an amount of degradation of the OLED from the current measured by the current sensor.

Hysteretic Modeling of Output Characteristics of Giant Magnetoresistive Current Sensors

Abstract: Current sensing based on the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect has been gaining attention due to its outstanding merits. In this paper, hysteretic models of the output characteristics of GMR sensors are presented, and corresponding algorithms are successfully applied to practical GMR sensors to compensate for measurement error due to hysteresis, which is particularly important for high-frequency applications. A 91% decrease in nonlinear error is achieved by the proposed advanced hysteretic model, and the applicable frequency range of the GMR sensor can be extended to around the cutoff frequency of sensor hardware, which is nearly 50 times larger than that based on the conventional linear models. This paper provides optimized solutions for GMR current sensors in different frequency ranges.

Controlling radiofrequency‐induced currents in guidewires using parallel transmit

Abstract: Purpose Elongated conductors, such as pacemaker leads, neurostimulator leads, and conductive guidewires used for interventional procedures can couple to the MRI radiofrequency (RF) transmit field, potentially causing dangerous tissue heating. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using parallel transmit to control induced RF currents in elongated conductors, thereby reducing the RF heating hazard. Methods Phantom experiments were performed on a four-channel parallel transmit system at 1.5T. Parallel transmit “null mode” excitations that induce minimal wire current were designed using coupling measurements derived from axial B1+ maps. The resulting current reduction performance was evaluated with B1+ maps, current sensor measurements, and fluoroptic temperature probe measurements. Results Null mode excitations reduced the maximum coupling mode current by factors ranging from 2 to 80. For the straight wire experiment, a current null imposed at a single wire location was sufficient to reduce tip heating below detectable levels. For longer insertion lengths and a curved geometry, imposing current nulls at two wire locations resulted in more distributed current reduction along the wire length. Conclusion Parallel transmit can be used to create excitations that induce minimal RF current in elongated conductors, thereby decreasing the RF heating risk, while still allowing visualization of the surrounding volume. Magn Reson Med, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

State observer based sensor less control using Lyapunov's method for boost converters

Abstract: This study proposes a state observer based sensorless controller using the Lyapunov's direct method for boost converters. The proposed controller derived from the Lyapunov method considers a large-signal model and the non-linearity of the boost converter, which allows accurate output tracking performance and stability. In addition, a state observer is constructed to estimate the inductor current using an output voltage, an input voltage and a switch control signal. The developed observer enables the proposed controller to be realised with no current sensor for the inductor current, and results in a low cost as well as reliable system free from the noise problem associated with the sensor. The non-linear controller incorporated into the observer is designed with appropriate observer gains determined by linear matrix inequalities. Experimental results are presented to verify the stable operation and output tracking capability for large-signal transients of the proposed sensorless controller based on the Lyapunov method.

A Novel Long-Tail Fiber Current Sensor Based on Fiber Loop Ring-Down Spectroscopy and Fabry-Perot Cavity Filled With Magnetic Fluid

Abstract: A novel long-tail optical fiber current sensor based on fiber loop ring-down spectroscopy (FLRDS) and magnetic-tunable refractive index properties and magnetic-tunable transmission properties of magnetic fluid is proposed and demonstrated for the first time. In the sensing system, a Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity filled with magnetic fluid is used as the sensing head, and the sensitivity of current-sensing has been enhanced significantly. Relations between magnetic field and refractive index of magnetic fluid are measured. Refractive index of magnetic fluid increases linearly as the magnetic field increases and according to the F-P interferometer principle, the best gap length of F-P cavity is obtained. In this paper, the FLRDS sensing system has been theoretically modeled, and a new mathematical model developed for optimizing the coupling ratio of couplers has been presented, and the best coupling ratio has been obtained. The new mathematical model could also be used in the similar ring-down systems. Finally, the performances of the current-sensing system are tested by applying different measured currents. The final results indicate that a sensitivity of 14.88 mA/ $\mu $ s is achieved.

Design and Realization of a Novel Compact Fluxgate Current Sensor

Abstract: A new closed-loop magnetic current sensor is presented in this paper. The sensor consists of two toroidal magnetic cores. One core works in fluxgate principle for the measurement of dc and low-frequency ac, and the other one is used as a current transformer for higher frequency application. Based on the simulation results, a prototype was designed, and the test results have a good agreement with the simulation results. The closed-loop configuration with a magnetic core and a feedback winding in the sensor improved the sensitivity of the sensor, eliminated the offset and drift related to temperature, and greatly reduced the error caused by magnetic hysteresis phenomenon. It can measure currents up to 20 A, with an accuracy of 0.5%, and a 50 kHz small signal bandwidth.

Giant-Magnetoresistance-Based Galvanically Isolated Voltage and Current Measurements

Abstract: Nowadays, dc current is much more widely used than a decade ago, not only in the well-known high-voltage dc transmission but also as dc-powered marine systems, dc data centers, and dc fast charging systems for electric vehicles. However, galvanically isolated dc voltage or current sensors are, in terms of accuracy, noise level, or dimensions, still far behind the ac measurement devices in low and medium voltage areas. In this paper, a giant-magnetoresistive-based sensor system for galvanic isolated dc current and voltage measurements is introduced. The system mainly consists of a special coil arrangement with low inductance for voltage measurement, a special U-turn for current measurement, and A/D converters with a low-cost field-programmable gate array for signal conditioning. The sensor system showed an outstanding measurement accuracy of 0.3% for voltage values up to ±550 V and 0.2% for current values up to ±100 A in a temperature range from −30 °C to 90 °C. This completely new approach for the galvanically isolated measurement of electric voltage and current avoids the use of bulky magnetic components and expensive power-consuming analog electronics, which allows one to integrate it in the current ac measure unit for power monitoring.

Influence of the optical fiber type on the performances of fiber-optics current sensor dedicated to plasma current measurement in ITER.

Abstract: In this paper, we compare, by means of simulations using the Jones formalism, the performances of several optical fiber types (low birefringence and spun fibers) for the measurement of plasma current in international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER). The main results presented in this paper concern the minimum value of the ratio between the beat length and the spun period, which allows meeting the ITER current measurement specifications. Assuming a high-birefringence spun fiber with a beat length of 3 mm, we demonstrate that the minimum ratio between the beat length and the spun period is 4.4 when considering a 28 m long sensing fiber surrounding the vacuum vessel. This minimum ratio rises to 10.14 when a 100 m long lead fiber connecting the interrogating system to the sensing fiber is taken into account.

A Multiphase Synchronous Buck Converter With a Fully Integrated Current Balancing Scheme

Abstract: A multiphase synchronous buck converter has been developed, in which the number of switching phases is determined by the sensed average load current. The maximum number of switching phases is four. The dc resistance (DCR) of switching inductor is used to detect the average current, which is also utilized to balance the load current among the multiple switching phases. The instantaneous inductor current is sensed as well to generate the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) signal to switch the inductors. The multiphase synchronous buck converter implemented in a 0.13-μm BCDMOS process shows 91.1% maximum power efficiency when the input voltage is 2.8 V, output voltage is 1.0 V, and output current is 2.0 A.

Cross‐Talk Between Ionic and Nanoribbon Current Signals in Graphene Nanoribbon‐Nanopore Sensors for Single‐Molecule Detection

Abstract: Nanopores are now being used not only as an ionic current sensor but also as a means to localize molecules near alternative sensors with higher sensitivity and/or selectivity. One example is a solid-state nanopore embedded in a graphene nanoribbon (GNR) transistor. Such a device possesses the high conductivity needed for higher bandwidth measurements and, because of its single-atomic-layer thickness, can improve the spatial resolution of the measurement. Here measurements of ionic current through the nanopore are shown during double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) translocation, along with the simultaneous response of the neighboring GNR due to changes in the surrounding electric potential. Cross-talk originating from capacitive coupling between the two measurement channels is observed, resulting in a transient response in the GNR during DNA translocation; however, a modulation in device conductivity is not observed via an electric-field-effect response during DNA translocation. A field-effect response would scale with GNR source-drain voltage (Vds), whereas the capacitive coupling does not scale with Vds . In order to take advantage of the high bandwidth potential of such sensors, the field-effect response must be enhanced. Potential field calculations are presented to outline a phase diagram for detection within the device parameter space, charting a roadmap for future optimization of such devices.

Contactless Current Sensors Based on Magnetic Tunnel Junction for Smart Grid Applications

Abstract: Advanced sensing techniques are key technologies required for the smart grid. Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) sensors hold great promises in the distributed linear current sensing, with small size, low price, and excellent performances. In this paper, MTJ Wheatstone bridge sensors were fabricated, attaining a typical sensitivity of 4.94 mV/V/Oe with an offset of −2.84 mV/V. A contactless current sensor based on the MTJ sensor was designed and realized, achieving a sensitivity of 7.75 mV/A and an offset of −8.68 mV. We can adjust the sensitivity and the linear range of the sensor by changing the gap of the magnetic core, and make the sensor much less susceptible to electrical wire’s location and orientation. This paper provides a practical current sensing technique for smart grid applications.

A Novel Control Scheme of Quasi-Resonant Valley-Switching for High-Power-Factor AC-to-DC LED Drivers

Abstract: This paper presents a novel control scheme of quasi-resonant (QR) mode and valley-switching for high-power-factor (PF) ac-to-dc light-emitting diode (LED) drivers The proposed driver control scheme is based on a buck PF corrector converter, which is operated in QR valley-switching The proposed control scheme can directly sense the QR valley signal from the current sensor, and it is definitely different from the conventional method which senses the QR valley signal from auxiliary winding The cost and size of the driver circuit can be remarkably reduced when the proposed control scheme is adopted Furthermore, the proposed circuit can provide not only high PF and low total harmonic distortion but also high conversion efficiency Up to 099 PF and 915% efficiency are obtained from an 8-W (40-W replaced) LED bulb driver prototype

Miniature optical fiber current sensor based on a graphene membrane

Abstract: O R IG IN A L P A P ER Abstract The unique electronic and mechanical properties, of graphene make it an ideal material for nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) applications. Here, a miniature optical fiber current sensor based on a quasistatic graphene NEMS with a graphene membrane covering the hole on a pre-etched fiber tip and two gold electrodes on opposite sides of the tip has been demonstrated. The sensor overcomes the shortcomings of conventional optical fiber current sensors based on thermal effects, such as relatively low sensitivity, long response time, and huge device size; it has simultaneously a high sensitivity of 2.2 × 105 nm/A2, a short response time of 0.25 s and a compact device size of 15 μm, and has found practical application. Using a smaller graphene membrane with better quality can reduce the response time to submillisecond levels with a more precise measurement system. The sensor presented in this paper may pave the way for the practical usage of optical fiber current sensors based on thermal effects.

Compact Optomagnetic Bragg-Grating-Based Current Sensor for Transmission Lines

Abstract: A compact and practical optomagnetic current sensor intended to be used in power transmission lines is proposed in this paper. The novel sensor is able to retrieve the complete sinusoidal current signal, which is being carried by the line conductor through a fiber Bragg grating, which is attached to a magnetostrictive rod setup excited by dc and AC magnetic fields: a DC magnetic field created by a designed magnetic circuit in order to make the magnetostrictive material operate in its linear region; and an AC magnetic field generated by the current being monitored. Design stages and the proposed sensor configuration are showed in detail, and the assembled sensor head is tested using a power setup exclusively developed to simulate current magnitude levels in a transmission line. Measurement results are compared with those provided by a reference commercial probe, attesting the effectiveness of the novel current sensor, especially in terms of waveform distortion.

Self-Oscillating Fluxgate-Based Quasi-Digital Sensor for DC High-Current Measurement

Abstract: A quasi-digital dc current sensor with rated current of ±600 A while overload current of about ±750 A is proposed in this paper. The new sensor is based on the open-loop self-oscillating fluxgate technology, but its originality is using a microcontroller unit to detect the duty cycle of the exciting voltage of the fluxgate. Compared with the published similar method, the whole signal chain of the new sensor is quasi-digital and without low-pass filter and analog-to-digital converter required when connected to digital systems. A precisely theoretical equation with respect to the linear dependence between the duty cycle and the current to be measured is established. Based on the equation, factors affecting the sensor sensitivity, accuracy, and resolution are determined, which constitutes the theoretical basis on the optimization design of the new sensor. The sensor linearity is improved using the least-squares polynomial fitting method. Some key specifications including the linearity, repeatability, and power supply effect of the sensor are characterized. The measurement results show that the linearity of the new sensor with the theoretical equation is better than 1.7% in the full scale of ±600 A, and can be improved to 0.3% when the fifth-order polynomial fitting method is used.

Detection of stator winding fault in induction motors using a motor square current signature analysis (MSCSA)

Abstract: In this paper the short-circuit fault inter-turn on the stator of an induction motor is analysed by an online diagnostic method. For the diagnostic method it is proposed the motor square current signature analysis (MSCSA). This method uses the results of spectral analysis of the instantaneous square stator current. The effects of stator square current spectrum are described and the related frequencies determined. This method is similar to the instantaneous power signature analysis, however has the advantage of just require one current sensor. Several simulation and experimental results are presented in order to illustrate the characteristics of the proposed method.

Current Sensor Fault Diagnosis Based on a Sliding Mode Observer for PMSM Driven Systems.

Abstract: This paper proposes a current sensor fault detection method based on a sliding mode observer for the torque closed-loop control system of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors First, a sliding mode observer based on the extended flux linkage is built to simplify the motor model, which effectively eliminates the phenomenon of salient poles and the dependence on the direct axis inductance parameter, and can also be used for real-time calculation of feedback torque Then a sliding mode current observer is constructed in αβ coordinates to generate the fault residuals of the phase current sensors The method can accurately identify abrupt gain faults and slow-variation offset faults in real time in faulty sensors, and the generated residuals of the designed fault detection system are not affected by the unknown input, the structure of the observer, and the theoretical derivation and the stability proof process are concise and simple The RT-LAB real-time simulation is used to build a simulation model of the hardware in the loop The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method